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Key Words Flashcards

(105 cards)

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1
Q

Being dependent on the particular substance

A

Addiction (drugs)

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2
Q

A method of cloning animals which involves take the nucleus from adult body cell and inserting into an unfertilised egg cell which has had its nucleus removed

A

Adult cell cloning

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3
Q

A type of performance enhancing drug that increases muscle growth

A

Anabolic steroid

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4
Q

A drug used to kill or prevent the growth of bacteria

A

Antibiotic

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5
Q

When bacteria aren’t killed by an antibiotic

A

Antibiotic resistant

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6
Q

A protein produced by white blood cells in response to the presence of an antigen (e.g. On the surface of a pathogen)

A

Antibody

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7
Q

A molecule on the surface of the cell. A foreign antigen produces white blood cells to produce antibodies.

A

Antigen

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8
Q

A protein produced by white blood cells which counteracts the toxins produced by invading bacteria

A

Antitoxin

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9
Q

A type of reproduction involving only one parent and no fusion of gametes and no mixture of genes. The offspring produced are genetically identical to to the parents - they are clones.

A

Asexual reproduction

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10
Q

A plant hormone that controls the growth of a plant in response to stimuli.

A

Auxin.

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11
Q

A single-celled micro-organism without a nucleus. Some bacteria are able to cause disease.

A

Bacterium

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12
Q

A diet that contains the right amounts of the different nutrients needed by the body.

A

Balanced diet.

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13
Q

Can be broken down by micro-organisms

A

Biodegradable

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14
Q

The mass of living material

A

Biomass

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15
Q

The level of cholesterol (a fatty substance) in the blood

A

Blood cholesterol level

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16
Q

The continuous cycle of carbon from the air,through the food chains and back into the air.

A

Carbon cycle

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17
Q

The enlargement of a cell. Plant cells grow by cell elongation.

A

Cell elongation

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18
Q

A membrane which surrounds a cell

A

Cell membrane

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19
Q

The brain and spinal cord. It’s where reflexes and actions are coordinated.

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

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20
Q

The process of sorting organisms into groups based on their similarities and differences.

A

Classification

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21
Q

A set of drug tests on human volunteers

A

Clinical trial

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22
Q

An organism that is genetically identical to another organism

A

Clones

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23
Q

Making a genetically identical copy of another organism

A

Cloning

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24
Q

An experiment that’s kept under the same conditions as the rest of the investigation, but doesn’t have anything done to it.

A

Control group

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25
A small piece of a plant (usually with a new bud on) that can be taken and grown into a new plant
Cutting (plants)
26
A disease cause by the lack of a certain nutrient in the diet e.g. A vitamin or mineral
Deficiency disease
27
An animal that feeds on dead material and beaks down animal waste products
Detritus feeder
28
A clinical trial when you neither the doctors nor the patient know who has received the drug and you received the placebo until all the results have been gathered
A double blind trial
29
A substance that alters the chemical reactions in your body
Drug
30
The interaction between organisms in the same environment
Ecological relationship
31
Either a muscle of gland which responds to nervous impulses
Effector
32
A method of cloning animals,where an embryo is created and then split,before any cells become specialised to produce clones. The clones are then transferred in the uteruses of the host mothers
Embryo transfer (cloning)
33
A big outbreak of disease
Epidemic
34
How organisms are related to other organisms through evolution
Evolutionary relationship
35
An organism that is adapted to live in seriously extreme conditions
Extremophile
36
Fertility
The ability to conceive a child
37
A hormone produced by the pituitary gland involved in the menstrual cycle. It causes eggs to mature in the ovaries and stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen.
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
38
A sex cell e.g. An egg cell or a sperm cell in animals
Gamete
39
A short section of DNA, found on a chromosome, which controls the development of a characteristic.
Gene
40
The process of cutting out a useful gene from one organism is chromosome and inserting it into another organism chromosome
Genetic engineering
41
A crop which has had its genes modified food genetic engineering
Genetically modified (GM) crop
42
The growth of a plant in response to gravity
Geotropism/ gravitropism
43
Drug that is believed to cause serious addiction and be more harmful to a person's house then a soft drugs
Hard drug
44
The maintenance of a constant internal environment
Homeostasis
45
Chemical messenger which travels in the blood to activate target cells
Hormone
46
The ability of the white blood cell to respond quickly to a pathogen
Immunity
47
A disease cause by a pathogen
Infectious disease
48
The artificial fertilisation of eggs in the lab
IVF (In Vitro Fertilisation)
49
An organism that is sensitive to changes in the environment, so can be used to study environmental change.
Living indicator
50
A hormone produced by the pituitary gland, which stimulates egg relapse around the middle of the menstrual cycle
Luteinsing Hormone (LH)
51
A condition in which you don't have the right balance of foods to stay healthy
Malnourishment
52
The monthly sequence of events in which the female body releases and egg and prepares the uterus (womb) in case it receives a fertilised egg
Menstrual cycle
53
The speed at which chemical reactions in the body occur
Metabolic rate
54
A vaccination against, measles, mumps and rubella
MMR vaccine
55
A nerve cell that carries electrical impulses from the CNS to effectors
Motor neurone
56
A strain of bacteria that is resistant to the powerful antibiotic methicillin
MRSA
57
A change in an organisms DNA
Mutation
58
The process by which species evolve
Natural selection
59
The organ system in animals that allows them to respond to changes in their environment
Nervous system
60
Something that is not alive, but can be measured or monitored to give information about environmental change e.g.temperature
Non-living indicator
61
A substance needed by the body in order to survive and grow e.g. Protein
Nutrient
62
A condition defined as being 20% or more over the maximum recommended body mass
Obesity
63
A hormone produced by the ovaries which inhibits the release of FSH during the menstrual cycle. It's found in some oral contraceptives.
Oestrogen
64
The dose of a drug that is most effective and has few side effects
Optimum dose
65
A hormone containing pill taken by mouth in order to reduce fertility and therefore decrease the chance of pregnancy
Oral contraceptive
66
An organ in the female body which stores and releases eggs. It is also a gland and secretes the hormone oestrogen.
Ovary
67
A worldwide outbreak of a disease
Pandemic
68
A microorganism that causes disease e.g. A bacterium or virus
Pathogen
69
Type of antibiotic
Penicillin
70
A drug that can improve a persons performance in sport
Performance enhancing drug
71
The growth of a plant in response to light
Phototropism
72
The process that plants use to capture light energy from the sun
Photosynthesis
73
A gland located in the brain that is responsible for secreting various hormones,including FSH AND LH
Pituitary gland
74
A substance that's like the drug being tested but does not do anything..
Placebo
75
A group of cells which are sensitive to a stimulus. E.g.light receptor cells in the eye are sensitive to light
Receptor
76
A drug used for fun e.g. Alcohol,cannabis.
Recreational drug
77
A fast automatic response to a stimulus
Reflex
78
The passage of information from receptor to effector
Reflex arc
79
A nerve cell that carries electrical impulses from sensory neurones to motor neurones
Relay neurone
80
A powder containing plant hormones which can be applied to plant cutting to assist root development
Rooting powder
81
A weedkiller that contains plant hormones. It kills weeds (unwanted plants), without affecting the growth of crops.
Selective weedkiller
82
An organ which contains the receptors that detect stimuli,e.g. The eye.
Sense organ
83
A nerve cell that carries electrical impulses from the receptors in the sense organs to the CNS
Sensory neurone
84
A type of reproduction involving the fusion of male and female gametes from two parents. The offspring contain a mixture of their parents genes and so are genetically different to their parents.
Sexual reproduction
85
A drug that is believed to be less addictive and less harmful to a persons health Than a hard drug
Soft drug
86
A group of medicinal drugs that are used to decrease the risk of heart and circulatory disease
Statins
87
The process of destroying micro organisms (such as bacteria) on an object
Sterilisation (avoiding contamination)
88
A type of performance enhancing drug that increases heart rate
Stimulant
89
A change in the environment
Stimulus
90
The connection between two neurones
Synapse
91
A particular cell in a particular place,which is affected by a hormone
Target cell
92
A drug that was developed asa sleeping pill in the 1950s, but that harmed babies when used untested on pregnant woman to relieve morning sickness.
Thalidomide
93
A method of cloning plants in which a few plants are put on a growth medium containing hormones and allowed to grow into new plants
Tissue culture
94
How harmful something something is e.g a drug
Toxicity
95
A poison. Produced by bacteria.
Toxin
96
A quick version of an experiment that can be used to work out the range of variables and the interval between the variables that will be used in the proper experiment.
Trial run
97
A stage in a food chain
Tropic level
98
The main female reproductive organ and where the embryo develops during pregnancy (another word for the womb)
Uterus
99
The injection of dead or inactive microorganism a to provide immunity against a particular pathogen
Vaccination
100
The differences that exist between individuals
Variation
101
A disease-causing agent about 1/100th of the size of a bacterial cell. Can only replicate within host body cells.
Virus
102
Energy that is dissipated (lost to the surroundings) often as heat
Wasted energy
103
A blood cell that is part of the immune system (and so helps to decent the body against infection)
White blood cell
104
A symptom e.g. A headache, vomiting, which is caused by not taking an addictive drug
Withdrawal symptom
105
A characteristic that helps an organism survive
Adaptation

Core Biology (1 decks)

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