key words Flashcards
(146 cards)
1
Q
Animal experimentation
A
Scientific testing on animals
2
Q
Animal rights
A
The legal and moral entitlements of animals
3
Q
Cloning
A
Making an exact copy of an animal using its genetic code
4
Q
Companionship
A
Animals that provide friendship and company
5
Q
Extinction
A
When a species dies out
6
Q
Factory Farming
A
Farming that keeps the animals in small cages and treats animals like objects and not sentient beings
7
Q
Fur trade
A
Buying and selling animal furs or skins
8
Q
Genetic modification
A
Changing the genetic code of an animal to change its characteristics
9
Q
Hunting
A
Tracking and killing animals
10
Q
Ivory trade
A
Buying and selling elephant tusks
11
Q
Vegetarianism or Veganism
A
The idea that people should only eat non-meat products or Vegans don’t eat any products from animals e.g. milk; eggs
12
Q
Zoos
A
Organisations that keep animals for the entertainment of visitors and or or in order to conserve species
13
Q
Crime against religion
A
an offence against religion. They may or may not be classified as crime.
14
Q
Capital punishment
A
Death penalty
15
Q
Community service
A
Perform some kind of activity as a punishment – e.g. cleaning parks
16
Q
Conscience
A
‘Inner voice’ that helps people to make moral decisions
17
Q
Crime
A
An act that is against the law
18
Q
Crime against property
A
Crimes against property. taking or damaging somebody else’s belongings. e.g. burglary
19
Q
Crime against the person
A
Crime against the person. crime is directed against an individual or group of people. e.g. murder
20
Q
Crime against the state
A
Crimes against the state. a country. e.g. selling military documents
21
Q
Deterrence
A
Putting people off from committing crimes; by punishing others
22
Q
Duty
A
Something that we owe or ought to do
23
Q
Fines
A
Have to pay money as a punishment
24
Q
Imprisonment
A
Locking someone up – restricting their freedom
25
Law
Rules enforced by an authority; with the threat of punishment
26
Order
Society working as we would expect it to – i.e. peacefully
27
Parole
When a prisoner is released before the end of a sentence; the parole officer will keep an eye on them
28
Prison reform
Improving conditions within prisons
29
Probation
Is when a person has to check in and has their activities watched
30
Protection
Keeping the public safe from harm
31
Punishment
A consequence enforced as a result of wrongdoing
32
Reformation
Changing someone’s behaviour to make them law-abiding citizens
33
Reparation
So that people can ‘pay’ for what they have done
34
Responsibility
Something that we owe somebody else
35
Retribution
Revenge
36
Tagging
Tracking someone’s movements by attaching a ‘tag’ to them – their movement might be limited
37
Vindication
If you don’t punish; law is meaningless. Giving people a reason to follow the law
38
Young offender
Someone under 18 who has committed a crime
39
Body
The physical being
40
Classification of drugs
A; B and C – A being the most dangerous.
41
Illegal drug
A drug that cannot be bought or sold legally
42
Legal Drug
A drug that can be bought or sold legally – ‘over the counter’ or ’age-restricted’
43
Medicine
Treatment to improve the wellbeing. physical or mental. of someone
44
Mind
The faculty of thought
45
Recreational drug
A drug that is taken solely for entertainment purposes
46
Rehabilitation
Helping someone to come back into society; after they have had an addiction. or other anti-social problem)
47
Sanctity of Life
Belief that all life is sacred; God-given - there is no good reason for killing anything or one
48
Taxation
Money that is paid direct to the government
49
Active Euthanasia
When a person is administering drugs solely with the purpose of ending life
50
Ageism
Prejudice against people on the grounds of their age
51
Care home
A facility where elderly people are looked after
52
Death
irreversible cessation of all vital functions
53
Euthanasia
Enabling someone to die
54
Hospice
A place where patient can receive palliative care before they die. palliative vs curative)
55
Life after death
The belief in the existence of a person after their death
56
Life-support machine
A machine that enables someone to stay alive – breathing or heartbeat
57
Palliative care
Care that is only trying to ease suffering; not cure
58
Passive Euthanasia
When a person is allowed to die – giving painkillers or withdraw of support
59
Quality of life
How well someone is able to life
60
Retirement
Something that we owe somebody else; a duty
61
Sanctity of life
Belief that all life is sacred; God-given - there is no good reason for killing anything or one
62
Senior citizenship
Normally someone around retirement age
63
Abortion
The termination of a pregnancy
64
Blessing
Life is a gift from God
65
Conception
The point at which a sperm meets an egg
66
Miracle of life
The fact that life is amazing and the creation of it is beyond human understanding
67
Pressure group
A group that seeks to educate people about their view and lobby the government
68
Pro-Choice
Someone who is in favour of people having the right to choose
69
Pro-Life
Someone who is anti-abortion
70
Quality of life
How well someone is able to life
71
Rights
A legal or moral entitlement
72
Sanctity of life
Belief that all life is sacred; God-given - there is no good reason for killing anything or one
73
Viability
The point at which the foetus could realistically be born and survive
74
AID
‘Artificial insemination by donor’ – sperm cell comes from a donor
75
AIH
‘Artificial insemination by husband’ – as above but sperm comes from husband
76
Blood transfusion
When blood is taken from one person and put in another
77
Cloning
Making a genetically exact copy
78
Embryology
The study of and experimenting on embryos
79
Experimentation
Performing actions upon something to see how it reacts
80
Fertility treatment
Any medical intervention to increase someone’s chances of conceiving
81
Human genetic engineering
Altering or manipulating genetic code in human beings
82
IVF
‘In vitro fertilisation’ – ‘in glass’ when the sperm and egg cell are fused outside the body
83
Medical research
The process of learning and experimenting to find out how the body works
84
Sanctity of life
Belief that all life is sacred; God-given - there is no good reason for killing anything or one
85
Stem cell therapy
A stem cell is a cell that can become any other cell – they come from bone marrow or the spine or embryos
86
Surrogacy
When another woman carries the embryo for someone.
87
Transplant surgery
Replace an organ with one from another person
88
Xenotransplantation
Transplanting organs between species
89
Ageism
Prejudice against people on the grounds of their age
90
Community
Group of people united by locality; race; or something in common
91
Discrimination
Acting on your prejudiced
92
Equality
Everyone receives or is treated the same
93
Harmony
People living peacefully and getting along and supporting each other
94
Homophobia
Prejudice against people who are gay
95
Justice
Fairness; people receiving what they deserve
96
Positive discrimination
Act prejudicially in favour of minorities or underrepresented groups
97
Prejudice
Preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or experience
98
Racism
Prejudice on the basis of race
99
Religious prejudice
Prejudice on the basis of religious belief
100
Sexism
Prejudice on the basis of sex or gender
101
Tolerance
Putting up with ideas even if you don’t agree with them
102
Awe
A feeling of wonder and fear
103
Climate change
A change in global climate patterns due to the increased levels of carbon dioxide
104
Community
Group of people united by locality; race; or something in common
105
Conservation
Preserving the natural environment and wildlife
106
Creation
The creating of the Universe by God
107
Earth summits
Meetings of all the world leaders; where they discussed ways to reduce pollution. E.g. Kyoto; Rio;
108
Natural habitat
Areas where animals live in nature
109
Natural resources
Materials which occur in nature that can be used by humans
110
Pollution
The presence or introduction of a substance which has a harmful effect
111
Renewable energies
Energies that come from a source which won’t run out – wind; solar power
112
Stewardship
The job of looking after and caring for the planet
113
Sustainable development
Economic development which occurs without depleting natural resources
114
Addiction
Being unable. or finding it extremely difficult. to stop doing something
115
Apathy
Not caring about something
116
Charity
Giving money away to good causes
117
Community
Group of people united by locality; race; or something in common
118
Counselling
Visiting someone who listens to problems and offers advice or support
119
Excessive Salary
A wage which is more than someone deserves for the job they do
120
Gambling
Risking money for the chance of making more
121
Homelessness
Being without a house or permanent home
122
Inheritance
Receiving money from dead people in a will
123
Lottery
A kind of gambling in which someone buys a ticket in exchange for the chance of winning more
124
Minimum wage
A wage which is considered to be the least amount on which it is possible to live
125
Money
A means of exchange. a promise on behalf of the government)
126
Poor
Having very little money or a lot of liabilities
127
Poverty
A lack of possessions or money or assets; an inability to survive
128
Responsibility
Something that we owe somebody else; a duty
129
Rich
Having a lot of money or assets
130
Wages
Money received in exchange for work
131
Wealth
Possessions or money or assets
132
Community
Group of people united by locality; race; or something in common
133
Conflict
A disagreement; fight
134
Holy War
A war that is for the sake of God
135
Just War
A war that is morally justified
136
Justice
Fairness; people receiving what they deserve;
137
Nuclear proliferation
When people get more and more nuclear weapons
138
Nuclear Weapons
A bomb that uses nuclear energy
139
Pacifism
The belief that war is never right
140
Peace
Freedom from conflict
141
Peacekeeping force
An army which is tasked with preventing fighting
142
Sanctity of life
Belief that all life is sacred; God-given - there is no good reason for killing anything or one
143
Terrorism
An unlawful use of violence without the authority of a government
144
Victims
People who are hurt as a result of war
145
War
Armed conflict
146
Weapons of Mass Destruction
A weapon that is capable of causing widespread damage and death
