key words

Question 1

aftershock

Answer 1

Smaller earthquakes that occur in the same area of a larger earthquake

Question 2

backwash

Answer 2

The movement of water down a beach by gravity

Question 3

beach replenishment

Answer 3

Building up the beach by pumping sand or shingle onto it

Question 4

Catchment Flood Management plans (CFMP)

Answer 4

Plans setting out strategies to reduce flood risks in a river basin over 5-100 years

Question 5

Consolidated rock

Answer 5

Rock with a strong structure

Question 6

Constructive wave

Answer 6

Waves that build up a beach

Question 7

Destructive wave

Answer 7

Waves that erode a coastline

Question 8

Dredging

Answer 8

taking sediment from a river or sea bed

Question 9

Erosion

Answer 9

The wearing a way of rocks by the action of water, wind or ice

Question 10

evaporation

Answer 10

Water turning into water vapour

Question 11

Evapotranspiration

Answer 11

the sum of evaporation from the earth surface and transpiration from plants

Question 12

Fault line

Answer 12

a fracture in the earth’s crust that shows signs of movement

Question 13

flood plain

Answer 13

flat area next to a river

Question 14

Freeze-thaw

Answer 14

the continued freezing and thawing of moisture in rocks that will eventually cause them to break

Question 15

Geology

Answer 15

the nature and structure of rocks

Question 16

Groyne

Answer 16

wooden or concrete construction built across a beach

Question 17

Hard engineering

Answer 17

use of concrete barriers to control water

Question 18

Hurricane

Answer 18

a violent tropical storm in the Caribbean region

Question 19

Impermeable

Answer 19

a Surface that does not allow water to pass through it

Question 20

infiltration

Answer 20

seeping water into soil

Question 21

interception

Answer 21

collection of water by vegetation

Question 22

lahar

Answer 22

a type of mud flow composed of pyroclastic material and water that flows from a volcano

Question 23

lateral erosion

Answer 23

erosion of the sides of a valley

Question 24

longshore drift

Answer 24

the movement of matrial along a coastline by the action of the waves

Question 25

managed retreat

Answer 25

allowing the sea to flood lowland areas

Question 26

meander

Answer 26

large bends in a river

Question 27

permeable

Answer 27

a surface which allows water to pass through it

Question 28

percipitation

Answer 28

moisture that falls from the atmosphere in any form

Question 29

prevailing wind

Answer 29

most frequent or dominant wind

Question 30

pyroclastic flow

Answer 30

avalanches of hot volcanic debris

Question 31

Salt marsh

Answer 31

an area of tidal mudflats often found behind spits

Question 32

seismic waves

Answer 32

vibrations generated by an earthquake

Question 33

Sub-aerial processes

Answer 33

processes active on the face and top of cliffs

Question 34

subduction zone

Answer 34

the area of a destructive plate boundary where one plate descends beneath another

Question 35

surface runoff

Answer 35

all water flowing on the earth’s surface

Question 36

Sustainable management

Answer 36

long-term management that does not harm people or environments

Question 37

swash

Answer 37

. the force of breaking waves moving up the beach. At the angle of the prevailing wind

Question 38

through-flow

Answer 38

movement of water through the soil

Question 39

transpiration

Answer 39

loss of moisture from plants

Question 40

tsunami

Answer 40

tidal wave caused by an underwater earthquake

Question 41

typhoon

Answer 41

a violent tropical storm over the Indian and pacific oceans

Question 42

vertical erosion

Answer 42

downward erosion of a river bed

Question 43

weathering

Answer 43

breaking up of rocks by the action of weather. Plants, animals and chemicals

Question 44

waterfall

Answer 44

Formed by hard rock over lying soft rock. Has a plunge pool

Question 45

meander

Answer 45

Erosion happens on the outer area and deposition on the inner. Water takes the path of least resistance.

Question 46

What are the 4 types of erosion?

Answer 46

Hydralic action, solution, abrasion, attrition

Question 47

Spit

Answer 47

A coastal feature where LSD moves in front of a river mouth

Question 48

tombolo

Answer 48

A coastal feature where a spit joins an island

Question 49

Bar

Answer 49

A coastal feature where a LSD dams a lagoon