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geography > key words > Flashcards

key words Flashcards

1
Q

aftershock

A

Smaller earthquakes that occur in the same area of a larger earthquake

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2
Q

backwash

A

The movement of water down a beach by gravity

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3
Q

beach replenishment

A

Building up the beach by pumping sand or shingle onto it

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4
Q

Catchment Flood Management plans (CFMP)

A

Plans setting out strategies to reduce flood risks in a river basin over 5-100 years

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5
Q

Consolidated rock

A

Rock with a strong structure

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6
Q

Constructive wave

A

Waves that build up a beach

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7
Q

Destructive wave

A

Waves that erode a coastline

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8
Q

Dredging

A

taking sediment from a river or sea bed

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9
Q

Erosion

A

The wearing a way of rocks by the action of water, wind or ice

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10
Q

evaporation

A

Water turning into water vapour

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11
Q

Evapotranspiration

A

the sum of evaporation from the earth surface and transpiration from plants

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12
Q

Fault line

A

a fracture in the earth’s crust that shows signs of movement

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13
Q

flood plain

A

flat area next to a river

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14
Q

Freeze-thaw

A

the continued freezing and thawing of moisture in rocks that will eventually cause them to break

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15
Q

Geology

A

the nature and structure of rocks

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16
Q

Groyne

A

wooden or concrete construction built across a beach

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17
Q

Hard engineering

A

use of concrete barriers to control water

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18
Q

Hurricane

A

a violent tropical storm in the Caribbean region

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19
Q

Impermeable

A

a Surface that does not allow water to pass through it

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20
Q

infiltration

A

seeping water into soil

21
Q

interception

A

collection of water by vegetation

22
Q

lahar

A

a type of mud flow composed of pyroclastic material and water that flows from a volcano

23
Q

lateral erosion

A

erosion of the sides of a valley

24
Q

longshore drift

A

the movement of matrial along a coastline by the action of the waves

25
Q

managed retreat

A

allowing the sea to flood lowland areas

26
Q

meander

A

large bends in a river

27
Q

permeable

A

a surface which allows water to pass through it

28
Q

percipitation

A

moisture that falls from the atmosphere in any form

29
Q

prevailing wind

A

most frequent or dominant wind

30
Q

pyroclastic flow

A

avalanches of hot volcanic debris

31
Q

Salt marsh

A

an area of tidal mudflats often found behind spits

32
Q

seismic waves

A

vibrations generated by an earthquake

33
Q

Sub-aerial processes

A

processes active on the face and top of cliffs

34
Q

subduction zone

A

the area of a destructive plate boundary where one plate descends beneath another

35
Q

surface runoff

A

all water flowing on the earth’s surface

36
Q

Sustainable management

A

long-term management that does not harm people or environments

37
Q

swash

A

. the force of breaking waves moving up the beach. At the angle of the prevailing wind

38
Q

through-flow

A

movement of water through the soil

39
Q

transpiration

A

loss of moisture from plants

40
Q

tsunami

A

tidal wave caused by an underwater earthquake

41
Q

typhoon

A

a violent tropical storm over the Indian and pacific oceans

42
Q

vertical erosion

A

downward erosion of a river bed

43
Q

weathering

A

breaking up of rocks by the action of weather. Plants, animals and chemicals

44
Q

waterfall

A

Formed by hard rock over lying soft rock. Has a plunge pool

45
Q

meander

A

Erosion happens on the outer area and deposition on the inner. Water takes the path of least resistance.

46
Q

What are the 4 types of erosion?

A

Hydralic action, solution, abrasion, attrition

47
Q

Spit

A

A coastal feature where LSD moves in front of a river mouth

48
Q

tombolo

A

A coastal feature where a spit joins an island

49
Q

Bar

A

A coastal feature where a LSD dams a lagoon

geography (8 decks)

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