Key Words

Question 1

musculoskeletal system

Answer 1

the name used to describe the muscular system and the skeletal system working together

Question 2

articulating bones

Answer 2

bones that meet at a joint to enable movement

Question 3

synovial joint

Answer 3

an area of the body where two or more articulating bones meet

Question 4

extension

Answer 4

increase in the angle of bones at a joint

Question 5

flexion

Answer 5

decrease in the angle of bones at a joint

Question 6

abduction

Answer 6

movement of a bone or limb away from the midline of the body

Question 7

adduction

Answer 7

movement of a bone or limb towards the midline of the body

Question 8

rotation

Answer 8

a circular movement around a joint/an axis

Question 9

plantar flexion

Answer 9

movement at the ankle joint that points the toes and increases the angle at the ankle joint

Question 10

dorsiflexion

Answer 10

movement at the ankle joint that flexes the foot upwards and decreases the angle at the joint

Question 11

tendon

Answer 11

connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone, its role is to transfer the effort created by a contracting muscle to the bone, resulting in the movement of that bone

Question 12

prime mover/agonist

Answer 12

the muscle or group of muscles that contract to create movement

Question 13

antagonist

Answer 13

the muscle or group of muscles that relax to allow a movement to take place

Question 14

isotonic contraction

Answer 14

a muscle contraction where the muscle changes length when it contracts, resulting in limb movement. Isotonic contractions can be concentric (when the muscle contracts and shortens) or eccentric (when the muscle contracts and lengthens)

Question 15

isometric contraction

Answer 15

a muscle contraction where the length of the muscle does not change when it contracts, there is no limb movement as a result

Question 16

cardio-respiratory system

Answer 16

the name used to describe the respirator system and the cardiovascular system working together

Question 17

gaseous exchange

Answer 17

the process where oxygen from the air in the alveoli moves into the blood in the capillaries, while carbon dioxide moves from the blood in the capillaries into the air in the alveoli

Question 18

haemoglobin

Answer 18

the protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen (as oxyhaemoglobin) and carbon dioxide around the body

Question 19

alveoli

Answer 19

small air sacs in the lungs where gaseous exchange takes place

Question 20

capillaries

Answer 20

a network of microscopic blood vessels that are only one cell think

Question 21

diffusion pathway

Answer 21

the distance travelled during diffusion

Question 22

inhalation/inspiration

Answer 22

the process of breathing in

Question 23

exhalation/expiration

Answer 23

the process of breathing out

Question 24

expiratory reserve volume

Answer 24

the amount of air that can be forced out after tidal volume

Question 25

inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 25

the amount of air that can be forced in after tidal volume

Question 26

residual volume

Answer 26

the amount of air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration

Question 27

tidal volume

Answer 27

the normal amount of air inhaled or exhaled per breath

Question 28

vital capacity

Answer 28

the largest volume of air that can be forcibly expired after the deepest possible inspiration

Question 29

deoxygenated blood

Answer 29

blood containing a low concentration of oxygen

Question 30

oxygenated blood

Answer 30

blood containing a high concentration of oxygen

Question 31

pulse

Answer 31

the rhythmic throbbing that you can feel as your arteries pump blood around the body, measures heart rate

Question 32

backflow

Answer 32

the flowing backwards of blood

Question 33

diastole

Answer 33

the phase of the heartbeat when the chambers of the heart relax and fill with blood

Question 34

systole

Answer 34

the phase of the heartbeat when the chambers of the heart contract and empty of blood

Question 35

cardiac cycle

Answer 35

one cycle of diastole and systole

Question 36

blood pressure

Answer 36

the pressure the blood is under, the systolic reading measures the pressure when the heart contracts, the diastolic reading measures the pressure when the heart relaxes

Question 37

vasoconstriction

Answer 37

the narrowing of the internal diameter of a blood vessel to decrease blood flow

Question 38

vasodilation

Answer 38

the widening of the internal diameter of a blood vessel to increase blood flow

Question 39

stroke volume (S)

Answer 39

the volume of blood pumped out of the heart by each ventricle during one contraction

Question 40

cardiac output (Q)

Answer 40

the volume of blood ejected from the heart in one minute | cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate

Question 41

aerobic exercise

Answer 41

working at a low to moderate intensity so that the body has time to use oxygen for energy production and cab work for a long period of time

Question 42

intensity

Answer 42

the amount of energy needed to complete an activity

Question 43

anaerobic energy

Answer 43

working for short periods of time at a high intensity without oxygen for energy production

Question 44

excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

Answer 44

the amount of oxygen needed to recover after exercise, characterised by an increased breathing rate and deeper breathing after exercise

Question 45

delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)

Answer 45

the pain you feel in your muscles the day after you exercise

Question 46

hypertrophy

Answer 46

the enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in size of its cells