Key words (coasts)

Question 1

Economic Development

Growth Poles

Answer 1

Areas used for business development

Question 2

Infrastructure

Answer 2

Network of links including transportation and services

Question 3

Physical processes

Prevailing Wind

Answer 3

The dominant wind in the area

Question 4

Crest

Answer 4

Top of the Wave

Question 5

Swash

Answer 5

Movement of waves up a beach

Question 6

Backwash

Answer 6

Movement of water down a beach

Question 7

Sub-aerial processes

Answer 7

processes that attack the face and top of a cliff

Question 8

Marine erosion

Answer 8

The wearing away of rocks by the action of the sea

Question 9

Weathering

Answer 9

The breaking down of rocks by the action of the weather, plants or chemical action

Question 10

Fragile coastal environments

Ecosystems

Answer 10

Communities of plants/animals within a particular physical environment

Question 11

Reefs

Answer 11

Ridges of rock near the surface of the sea

Question 12

Sedimentation

Answer 12

Deposition of fine sand

Question 13

Coastal management

Integrated management

Answer 13

Management of a whole area/ system rather than parts of it

Question 14

Sustainable management

Answer 14

Meets the needs of the present whilst preserving an area for future generations

Question 15

Coastal deposition

Sediment

Answer 15

Material that is eroded and deposited by the action of water or wind

Question 16

Beach

Answer 16

An accumulation of sand and shingle

Question 17

Groyne

Answer 17

Wooden or concrete barrier built across the beach

Question 18

Levels

Answer 18

Areas of flat land, often with many rivers/ streams

Question 19

Beach profile

Answer 19

The shape of the beach

Question 20

Estuary

Answer 20

The tidal part of a river

Question 21

Coastal erosion

Landform

Answer 21

A physical feature that has been shaped by erosion/ weathering

Question 22

Headland

Answer 22

Where land juts into the sea

Question 23

Slipping plane

Answer 23

Lines of weakness, (often where a previous landslide has occurred)

Question 24

Abrasion (corrosion)

Answer 24

Storm conditions pick up pebbles and sand and are hurled against the face of a cliff (“Sandblasting” effect)

Question 25

Attrition

Answer 25

Particles colliding with each other and beach material is made smaller and rounder

Question 26

Hydraulic action

Answer 26

Waves hit the cliff face and air/water is forced into cracks. The pressure breaks fragments off

Question 27

Coastal Protection Timber revetments

Answer 27

Open structure of planks which act as breakwaters but allow sand through so the beach develops

Question 28

Rock bund

Answer 28

Mounds of rock built in front of cliffs for protection

Question 29

Earth bund

Answer 29

Constructed mound of earth