Key Words/Ideas, Shot Types Etc Flashcards
(77 cards)
1
Q
Film form
A
How the content is expressed rather than the story itself
2
Q
Production
A
Period of shooting
3
Q
Post-production
A
Editing
4
Q
Pre-production
A
Planning
5
Q
Auter director
A
A director who in their films you may see recurring visual styles
6
Q
Verisimilitude
A
Sense of convincing reality
7
Q
Fps
A
Frames per second
8
Q
Shot type
A
Distance between the camera and subject
9
Q
Cinematographer
A
Controls the camera position
10
Q
Film stock
A
Film type used in a camera
11
Q
Aspect ratio
A
Size of frame
12
Q
What are the two standard aspect ratios?
A
2:35:1 1:85:1
13
Q
Frame rate
A
Frames per second
14
Q
what is the standard frame rate?
A
24 fps
15
Q
What is the average shot length?
A
2-3 seconds
16
Q
What is an extreme long shot often used for?
A
An establishing shot
17
Q
What two things does a long shot show?
A
Full character
Background
18
Q
Deep focus shot?
A
Great depth of field from front to back
19
Q
Shallow focus
A
Part of the shot is out of focus.
20
Q
Diegetic sound
A
Comes from within the diegesis (the word the characters are in), so the characters can hear it
21
Q
Non-diegetic sound
A
Not coming from the diegesis e.g. backing music
22
Q
Parallel sound
A
The sound fits what your seeing e.g. romantic music during a romantic scene.
23
Q
Contrapuntal sound
A
Sound doesn’t match what you’re seeing.
24
Q
Continuity editing
A
Filming short shots and compiling them together in post-production.
25
Birds Eye shot/ overhead shot
From above looking down
26
Worms eye shot
From below looking down
27
Aerial shot
From above and moving
28
Eye level shot
In line with eye
29
Objective camera angle
Viewpoint doesn’t belong to any of the characters
30
Subjective/pov shot
Putting the camera in perspective of the character - audience is part of the action
31
Fixed axis
Camera doesn’t move
32
Shifting axis
Camera moves eg on a dolly
33
Zoom
Camera doesn’t move, creates the illusion of the camera moving
34
Crane shot
Camera mounted on a crane ‘arm’.
35
Hand held shot
Convincing reality (verisimilitude)
36
When was the french new wave movement?
1958-1968
37
What are features of the French new wave movement?
Handheld camera
Natural lighting
Filmed on location not sets
Natural performance style
38
What are features of temporal continuity editing?
Avoiding ellipsis (cutting things out)
Continuous diegetic sound
Match on action shots
39
How can temporal discontinuity be expressed?
Deliberate use of ellipsis eg dissolve, fade.
40
What is the 180 degrees rule?
Do not cross the imaginary line you are filming on one side of
41
What is cross cutting?
Cutting back and forth between shots of specially unrelated places
42
What are the three elements of 3 point lighting?
Back lighting
Key lighting
Fill light
43
What are features of the back light (in 3 point lighting)?
-behind the subject
-low intensity
-uses diffusion
-gives foreground object an outline
44
What are features of the key light (3pt lighting)?
-brightest light
-at a 45 degree angle to the camera
-primary lighting source
-creates dominant shadows
45
What are the features of fill lighting (3ptl ighting)?
-Medium intensity (around 50-75% of key light)
-often at a lower angle
-softens shadows
Reflected off a key light
46
What is chiaroscuro lighting?
High contrast lighting
Hash shadows
47
What are features of film noir?
-narrative and film aesthetic is dark
-chiaroscuro lighting
-pessimistic
-obtuse camera angles
-neon signs
48
What is the effect of front lighting?
-flatter image
-easy to use on a budget
-less depth
49
What is the effect of side lighting?
-shadows cause mystery and intrigue
-can lead the audience to a certain object in the frame
50
What is the effect of back lighting?
Creates a silhouettes/ ‘halo’ around the subject
51
What is the effect of under lighting?
Distorts shadow
52
What is the effect of top lighting?
Fills in eye sockets
Menacing
Rarely used alone
53
What is Steve Neale’s theory of genre?
Repetition + difference
54
What is Christian Metz’s theory on genre?
Genre cycles
55
Explain the 4 stages of Christian Metz’s genre cycle theory.
1. **Experimental phase** - the filmmakers are not aware that they are making a genre text, just experimenting and not expecting to make a genre.
2. **Classic phase** - someone repeats their idea using the original film’s rules/ conventions.
3. **Parody phase** - Copy the classic phase but not seriously e.g. a spoof or a pastiche.
4. **Deconstruction phase** - deconstruct genre conventions and put it back together in a different way e.g. rom-com deconstructs a romance and builds it in a different way (with comedy).
56
What is a genre hybrid?
Mixing 2 genres (part of the experimental phase).
57
What are the two ‘categories’ of lighting intensity?
High key
Low key
58
What are the two ‘forms’ of lighting quality?
Hard lighting
Soft lighting
59
How do you achieve a hard lighting quality?
Use multiple small light sources.
60
How do you achieve a soft lighting quality?
Use a large light source.
61
What is grading?
Drawing emphasis to colour themes (digitally) during post-production.
62
When did colour film become available?
1930’s
63
Before clout film became available how did filmmakers make a film in colour?
Colour every frame by hand.
64
What is composition?
The arrangement of all the visual elements of mise-en-scene within the frame.
E.g. choice of: camera angle, lighting, placement of people etc.
The way the scene is composed will stimulate a certain audience response.
65
What is the rule of 3rds?
A scene can be split into 3rds.
Where the 3rds intersect are called the golden points.
66
What’s are compositional lines?
Contours of people, objects buildings etc.
67
What are the 4 types of compositional lines? + their meaning
Vertical - strength
Horizontal - restful strength
Diagonal - action
Organic - found in nature
68
What is an implied line?
Not an actual line but has key directional elements e.g. a hand gesture
69
What is auteur theory?
Implies there is a singular artist responsible for the piece of art.
70
What is an auteur signature?
A director’s style that you can identify patters in motifs/styles.
71
What what Sarris say about auteur theory?
A director must have a high level of technical competence, personal style and interior meaning to be an auteur.
72
What is Kael’s anti-auteur theory?
Auteur theory ‘glorifies trash’ from directors making the same thing over and over.
73
What 5 elements can be identified in a film created by an auteur director?
Narrative
Structure
Genre
Style
Theme
74
What is Todorov’s theory of narrative?
(What are the 5 stages?)
1. Equilibrium
2. Disruption
3. Recognition of destruction
4. Resolution phase
5. Restoration (2nd equilibrium)
75
What is Levi-Strauss’ theory of binary opposites?
The easiest way to produce meaning is to maximise the difference between signifying elements.
E.g. good **vs**bad
Rich **vs** poor
Male **vs** female
76
What is Vladimir Propp’s theory of character functions?
He said there were patters in the way some narratives were structured and the characters in them. He said that there were 31 narratives and 8 broad character functions.
These are: Hero, Donor, Helper, Dispatcher, Princess, Princess’s father, Villain, False hero.
77
What is vertical integration?
A company controls the different stages of product’s process or construction.
The big 5 were vertically integrated.
Had control over the production, distribution and exhibition.
