Key words - Metabolic pathways

Question 1

Genetic vector

Answer 1

used to carry genetic material from one cell to another.

Question 2

Mutagenisis

Answer 2

Stimulation of mutations in a species.

Question 3

Recombinant DNA technology

Answer 3

actives in which DNA is moved from one species to another.

Question 4

Restriction endonuclease

Answer 4

enzyme that cuts genetic material from a chromosome or is used to open a plasmid.

Question 5

selective marker gene

Answer 5

A selective marker gene is a gene that protects one organism from a selective agent that would normally kill it.

Question 6

A marker gene

Answer 6

A marker gene for screening is a gene that makes the cell containing the gene look different.

Question 7

Recombinant DNA technology

Answer 7

Recombinant DNA technology involves the joining together of DNA molecules from two different species.

Question 8

Beef extract

Answer 8

complex growth medium for microorganisms.

Question 9

Exponential growth

Answer 9

growth phase of microorganism involving a rapid geometric increase in numbers

Question 10

Growth Medium

Answer 10

Substance in which microorganisms are encouraged to grow.

Question 11

Inducer

Answer 11

Substance that causes a gene to be expressed, often leading to production of an enzyme.

Question 12

lag phase

Answer 12

Earliest growth stage in microorganisms.

Question 13

Log phase

Answer 13

exponential phase of microorganism growth.

Question 14

Precursor

Answer 14

Substance needed to start a metabolic pathway.

Question 15

Secondary metabolite

Answer 15

Substance produced during the secondary stage of growth of a culture of microorganisms.

Question 16

Stationary phase

Answer 16

Phase of microorganism growth during which secondary substances can be made.

Question 17

total cell count

Answer 17

total number of cells in a culture including viable (live) cells and dead cells.

Question 18

Viable cell count

Answer 18

Number of live cells from a total cell count.

Question 19

Aestivation

Answer 19

Reaction of an organism to tolerate extreme drought.

Question 20

Consequencial dormancy

Answer 20

Dormancy that occurs in response to the onset of adverse conditions.

Question 21

Dormancy

Answer 21

Response by organism to tolerate adverse conditions. (e.g hibernation, aestivation.)

Question 22

Predictive dormancy

Answer 22

Dormancy that occurs before the onset of adverse conditions.

Question 23

Torpor

Answer 23

State of reduced metabolic activity in response to adverse conditions.

Question 24

conformer

Answer 24

Animal whose internal environment is dependent on its environment.

Question 25

Ecological niche

Answer 25

the way of life and the role of an organism in its community.

Question 26

Homeostasis

Answer 26

Maintenance of a steady state in the cells of a living organism.

Question 27

Negative feedback

Answer 27

system of maintaining homeostasis in regulator organisms

Question 28

Regulator

Answer 28

Animal that can adjust its metabolic rate to maintain a steady internal state.

Question 29

Thermoreceptor

Answer 29

Heat sensitive cell in the hypothalamus of mammals

Question 30

Thermoregulation

Answer 30

Use of negative feedback in regulation of body temperature in mammals .

Question 31

Complete double circulation

Answer 31

double circulation with complete seperation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. (Birds and mammals)

Question 32

Double circulation

Answer 32

Blood flows through the heart twice during a full circulation of the body.

Question 33

Incomplete double circulation

Answer 33

Double circulation with some mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood (amphibians and reptiles.)

Question 34

Low Oxygen niche

Answer 34

Way of life in a habitat with little oxygen present, such as at high altitude or in a deep ocean.

Question 35

Metabolic rate

Answer 35

rate of consumption of energy by an organism.

Question 36

V02 max

Answer 36

Maximum volume of oxygen that can be absorbed by an organism in a period of time.

Question 37

coenzyme A

Answer 37

Substance that carries an acetyl group into the citric acid cycle.

Question 38

Dehydrogenase

Answer 38

enzyme which removes hydrogen from its substrate. Important in the citric acid cycle.

Question 39

NAD

Answer 39

Hydrogen carrier important in the citric acid cycle.

Question 40

Activation energy

Answer 40

Input of energy required to start a chemical reaction.

Question 41

Competitive inhibition

Answer 41

The slowing of reaction rate due to the presence of a substance resembling the substrate.

Question 42

Feedback inhibition

Answer 42

Enzyme inhibition caused by the presence of an end product of a metabolic pathway acting as an inhibitor of the pathway.

Question 43

Induced fit

Answer 43

change to an enzymes active site brought about by its substance.

Question 44

Non competitive inhibition

Answer 44

Enzyme inhibition by a substance that permanently alters the active site of an enzyme.

Question 45

Metabolic pathway

Answer 45

Enzyme controlled sequence of chemical reactions in cells.

Question 46

Metabolism

Answer 46

Total of all metabolic pathways in an organism

Question 47

Phospholipid membrane

Answer 47

Membrane of a cell made from fluid phospholipid molecules and proteins.

Question 48

Pore

Answer 48

small gap in a membrane created by a channel forming protein.

Question 49

Pump

Answer 49

Protein in a phospholipid membrane that carries substances across it by active transport.