Keywords Flashcards
(24 cards)
Magnification equation
Magnification = image size / size of real object
Nucleus
Controls the activities of the cell (contains genetic information)
Mitochondria
Releases energy from glucose in aerobic respiration
Cell membrane
Controls what comes in and out of the cell
Ribersome
Makes proteins (protein synthesis)
Cytoplasm
Jelly like substance where chemical reactions takes place
Vacuole
Filled with sap, keeps the cell rigid
Chloroplast
Contains green chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis
Cell wall
Made of cellulose, strengthens the cell and gives support
Eukaryotic cells
Have a nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm e.g. animal and plant cell
Prokaryotic cells
No nucleus (circular DNA) e.g. bacterial cells
Xylem
Transports water and mineral ions from the root to the leaves & shoots
Phloem
Transports glucose produced in photosynthesis in all directions
Diffusion
Net movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration
Increase rate of diffusion
Increase surface area, increase concentration gradient, reduce diffusion distance
Osmosis
Net movement of water from a dilute to a more concentrated solution across a semi permeable membrane
Isotonic
The concentration outside the cell is the same as inside the cell
Hypertonic
The concentration outside the cell is higher than inside the cell
Hypotonic
The concentration outside the cell is lower than inside the cell
Active transport
Movement of particles from a low concentration to a high concentration across a semi permeable membrane, using energy
Stem cell
An unspecialised cell that can become any cell in the body through differentiation
Enzyme
Biological catalyst, speeds up chemical reactions without being used up
Metabolism
Sum of all the chemical reactions in a cell or the body
Denatured
The active site of the enzyme changes shape, will no longer function
