Keywords Flashcards
MEMORISE (163 cards)
1
Q
Collecting
A
The process by which data is entered into or captured by a computer system, including deciding of what data is stored, how it is sourced, and how it is encoded for entry into the system
2
Q
Organising
A
The process by which data is structured into a form appropriate for the use of other information processes such as the format in which data will be represented.
3
Q
Analysing
A
The process by which data is interpreted, transforming it into information
4
Q
Storing and Retrieving
A
The process by which data and information is saved and accessed later
5
Q
Processing
A
A procedure that manipulates data and information
6
Q
Transmitting and Receiving
A
The process that sends and receives data and information within and beyond information systems
7
Q
Displaying
A
The process that controls the format of information presented to the participant or user
8
Q
Actuator
A
An output device which performs the information of displaying by performing a physical action, with a magnitude that depends on the amplitude of the applied analogue signal
9
Q
Amplitude
A
The energy or strength of a sound wave, which is a measure of its magnitude/intensity
10
Q
Analog
A
A signal that is represented by a continuously variable physical quantity in a wave format, which is based around a physical quantity
11
Q
Animation
A
A series of images that are placed on the screen in quick succession to give the illusion of a moving image
12
Q
Audio
A
A reproduction of sound that is stored in an analogue or digital format
13
Q
Attribute
A
The defined property of an entity, same thing as fields in a flat-file database
14
Q
Bandwidth
A
The difference between the highest and lowest frequencies in a transmission channel
15
Q
Batch processing
A
An AMS which produces products in groups, and it can be reconfigured to manufacture a different type of product
16
Q
Barcode
A
A code consisting of a pattern of parallel lines of varying widths, which can be scanned by a barcode scanner and matched with a database entry to find information
17
Q
Baud
A
(Unit of transmission speed) The number of times a signal changes state per second, for binary (digital) signals, one baud = one bit per second
18
Q
Bit
A
The smallest unit of data that a computer can process and store
19
Q
Bit depth
A
The number of bits of data that is allocated to describe each pixel in an image, or to describe the amount of intensities and sounds that one sample of audio can have
20
Q
Block diagram
A
A graphical method of illustrating the relationships and processes between sensors, controllers and actuators
21
Q
Blog
A
A website that can be created by an individual to record certain events
22
Q
Bluetooth
A
A short-range communication system that connects portable devices wirelessly using high-frequency radio waves
23
Q
Bus topology
A
A network where all nodes are connected to a common channel, called a bus
24
Q
Byte
A
A unit of data that contains eight bits, which can represent a single symbol such as a number or letter
25
Cel-based animation
Tradition animation creating technique where every image is drawn separately
26
Centralised database
A database where all data is located at one place
27
Checksum
An error checking method which involves transmitting a sum of the binary numbers (number of 1s) in the packet, dividing it by a predetermined divisor, and the receiving node must have the same checksum otherwise an error has occurred
28
Client-server network
A network that consists of requesting nodes (clients) that rely on a central service supplying device (server)
29
Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
Software that allows designs to create a 3D model in a computer program
30
Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
Software that converts CAD designs into layers, toolpaths and instructions in a code format that can be understood by CNC machines
31
Computer Numerical Control (CNC)
Manufacturing systems that can create products using code
32
Compression
Methods of removing redundant elements from a file so that the file requires less storage space and can be transmitted faster
33
Context diagram
A graphical method of representing a system using a single process together with inputs and outputs to external entities
34
Continuous processing
An AMS which performs the same task repetitively 24/7 without change
35
Conveyor belt
A mechanical belt that has rollers to move products from one position to the next in a production process
36
Cyclic Redundancy Checking (CRC)
An error checking method where all the data bits are joined together, then divided by a predetermined divisor, and the remainder is transmitted as well at the end of the packet
37
Damping
The process of adjusting the stability of the AMS through the use of feedback and by changing the magnitude of signals in a particular method
38
Data dictionary
A comprehensive description of each field of a database/information system, containing information about the characteristics and attributes of each item entered into the database, including field name, data type, field size and field descriptions
39
Data integrity
The accuracy and reliability of data
40
Data matching
When data is brought together from different sources and compared
41
Data quality
How reliable and effective data is
42
Data redundancy
where the same data is stored in two or more records or files, taking up excess file space
43
Data validation
The process of checking the validity of data when during data entry
44
Database
A collection of related data, stored so that meaningful information can be extracted. A database is comprised of files, records, fields and characters
45
Database administrator
A person who is responsible for the construction of a database and the supervision of operations connected with that database
46
Decision table
A table made up of conditions, actions and rules, that shows all the possible outcomes from decisions made within the system
47
Decision tree
A diagrammatic way to display a decision table
48
Decompression
The process of reconstructing the original data from a compressed file
49
Decryption
Using a key to decode data back into a form that can be understood
50
Digital
A signal in the form of binary values, being either on or off
51
Direct conversion
An immediate change (implementation) from the old system to the new system
52
Discrete processing
An AMS which manufactures a single item at a time
53
Distorting
Changing the appearance of an image by stretching pixels to change its proportions, but still maintaining features of the original image
54
Distributed database
A database that consists of two or more files located at different sites on a computer network
55
DNS (Domain Name System)
the system that determines the IP address from the URL
56
E-commerce
A business sales model which uses the Internet instead of a physical store
57
EFTPOS
Electronic Funds Transfer at Point of Sale
58
E-mail
The use of computers to send and receive text messages, documents and images addressed to individual people
59
Encryption
A method of converting data into a cipher/code so that it is secure for transmission
60
Entity
A specific 'thing' about which data is collected and stored
61
Entity
Separate tables in a schema
62
Error detection
The process of identifying errors during the transmission of data so that incorrect data can be corrected
63
Ethics
A set of moral principles accepted by society as a standard against which an individual's behaviour may be judged
64
Extranet
A private LAN that is used to allow secure access to information from people that are outside of the organisation
65
Feasibility
A report where the nature of the problem is clearly described and recommendations are made to whether the proposed solution is practical
66
Fibre Optic Cable
A cable that uses a glass tube to propagate light signals using total internal reflection
67
File
A collection of related records, the entire database
68
File server
A computer/server that is dedicated to the task of storing and sharing files around the network
69
Flat-file database
A database system that operates on a single table
70
Foreign key
An attribute that is the primary key of another table
71
Frequency
The number of amplitudes of sounds that pass a certain point in a given amount of time
72
Gantt chart
A timeline that represents when tasks or stages in the project development cycle are to be completed
73
Handshake
The process where a communication channel is established between a sender and a receiver, consisting of a series of signals that are used to establish whether the devices are compatible to communicate
74
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
The common protocol that allows web browsers to communicate and receive web pages
75
Hub
A basic device that connects devices in a network, receiving a message from a device and broadcasting it around the network
76
Hyperlink
A piece of text that contains an embedded link to another piece of text, an image of another web page
77
Hypermedia
The storage of information using a set of documents that may contain text, number, images, audio and video
78
Hypertext
A system where documents can be cross-linked so that you can navigate to one document from another using hyperlinks
79
Information
The result gained from the analysis and processing of data, giving it meaning
80
Internet
An international WAN that connects networks around the world
81
Intranet
A private network belonging to an organisation that uses the Internet
82
Inventory tracking
Counting the amount of stock items
83
IP (Internet Protocol)
A protocol that is responsible for the transmission of data across the Internet, routing and addressing packets of data so that they can travel across networks and arrive at the correct destination
84
Link
A physical connection between two network nodes
85
Link
An underlined word/graphic that allows the electronic connection to nodes
86
Logon
A procedure that establishes a session with a network server by providing identification information such as a username and password
87
Logoff
The process of disconnecting a session with a network user
88
Mail server
A server which provides users with access to electronic mail. Clients will use POP to request for email retrievals
89
Metadata
Information about data, including author, edit date, published date, data type
90
Microwave
A high frequency radio wave that is used to transmit messages between ground-based earth stations, or satellites as a method of communication
91
Modem
A communication device that performs modulation and demodulation (conversion from digital to analogue), which is used to connect a network to a local internet service provider
92
Morphing
The smooth transition between two different images
93
Multimedia
A collection of data types used in a computer-based application, which is a combination of text, audio, images, videos and hypertext
94
Network administrator
A person responsible for the hardware and software on the network
95
Network interface card (NIC)
A piece of hardware inside a computer that converts data into a form suitable for transmission
96
Network operating system (NOS)
Software that allows networks to be centrally controlled by network administrators, to improve the security and efficiency of the network
97
Noise
Unwanted electrical signs which may interfere with a signal sent from the sensor or to the actuator
98
Online analytical processing (OLAP)
A software tool that provides analysis of data stored in a database and is used in datamining
99
Online transaction processing (OLTP)
A class of systems that facilitate and manage transaction-oriented applications, typically for data entry and retrieval transaction processing
100
Operation manual
A document that describes the logical steps to be followed by participants or users when they use the system
101
Parallel conversion
When the old and new system works together for a short amount of time, then one system will take over
102
Parity
An extra bit in every byte that is used to check if every byte in transmission has had any transmission errors, as this bit will be a 0 or 1 to make the entire bit have an odd/even amount of 1s.
103
Path-based animation
An animation technique where the the object in focus is moved over a still background
104
Phased conversion
When certain components of the new system are gradually implemented over a certain period of time
105
Pilot conversion
Trialling the new system in a local area before implementing the whole system
106
Primary key
A field that stores data that uniquely identifies the record
107
Project plan
A plan that organises a project by specifying who, what, where and when
108
Protocol
A standardised set of rules that defines the format and meaning of the data/information that computers exchange. It describes the parameter standards such as transmission speeds, error detection methods, and packet formats.
109
Prototype
A working demonstration version of a system without the need to provide the detailed coding to produce or link elements
110
Query by example (QBE)
A visual method of query where the search criteria is entered into an empty record and the records meeting the criteria will be displayed
111
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
A method of inventory tracking where an RFID scanner emits radio waves in a radius, and any RFIDs in the radius will transmit information back to the scanner
112
Really Simple Syndication (RSS)
A web feed format that is used to publish frequently updated documents
113
Relational database
A database system with multiple tables that are linked by key fields
114
Relationship
The way in which entities in a relational database are linked to each other
115
Requirements report
A report that specifies the purpose and requirements of a new system that is understandable to the client
116
Resolution
The amount of pixels that a screen is able to display
117
Ring topology
A communication network in which the topology is a continuous circle, with nodes as points on the circumference of the circle
118
Robotic arm
A robotic manipulator that acts like a human arm
119
Router
A device that interconnects networks, helping packets to reach their destination by finding the best possible path for the data packets to travel to reach their destination
120
Sampling rate
The number of samples that are taken from an analogue wave per second
121
Satellite
An object launched into space, which can provide a communications link between two or more ground-stations through radio waves
122
Schema
An organised plan of an entire database that shows where the data is found and the logical relationships
123
Sensor
A collection device that is used to measure environmental factors such as temperature
124
Server
Computers, or specialised hardware/software which are designed to deliver specialised network services (print, mail, web, file) to other users on the network. They have large amounts of processing power and storage space to support the high amount of use by others on the network.
125
Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP)
A protocol for sending email messages between servers
126
Signal conditioning
Amplifying and modifying signals so they are usable
127
Star network
A communication network with one central node that is connected to all other nodes on the network
128
Structured Query Language (SQL)
A non-procedural language that allows database users to ask questions of the database
129
Storyboard
A series of drawings that is used to represent the logical sequence of an animation, video or application, and what information will be present
130
Switch
An advanced hub that connects nodes on a network by receiving signals and repeating them to only the recipient nodes
131
Table
The organisation of data into rows and columns, which displays information about an entity
132
Technical feasibility
A report on whether hardware/software for the new system exists, and whether it is physically capable of doing the required task
133
Teleconferencing
A method where people in different geographical locations can have a meeting (seeing and hearing each other) by using a communication system
134
Text
Alphanumeric information, usually in an ASCII format
135
Topology
The layout or physical structure of a network
136
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
A protocol which ensures that messages are delivered correctly and reliably
137
Tweening
Using software to generate frames in between other frames in an animation
138
Twisted pair
A type of cable consisting of a pair of copper wires that are twisted around each other
139
Video
A data type that is produced between the combination of many images played sequentially, and audio data
140
Virtual world
A computer-simulated representation of a world with specific spatial and physical characteristics
141
Voice mail
A telephone answering system which digitises incoming voice messages and stores the in a recipient's 'voice mailbox' in a digitised form, so that the recipient can play these messages later
142
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
Calling, but over the Internet
143
Wiki
A collection of web pages that allows people to access, add, and modify content
144
Data accuracy
The precision and degree to which data correctly represents the real world
145
Ownership of Data
The amount of control over how an individual/organisation's data is collected, stored and shared
146
Copyright
The protection of the intellectual property of creators by giving them legal rights to how their work is used and distributed
147
Privacy
The degree to which an individuals' data is kept safe from unauthorised access, analysis and usage
148
Equity
Ensuring fair and equal opportunities and access to information technology
149
Data mining
The process of extracting useful patterns from large datasets, and then analysing these patterns to find useful information
150
Data warehousing
The collecting, storing and managing of large volumes of data from multiple sources into a central location (database)
151
Virtual community
A group of people who communicate online, often sharing similar interests and characteristics
152
Interpersonal Relationships
Relationships and connections that are formed by physical connections between people
153
Ergonomics
Designing workplaces, products, or systems to fit the users' needs, promoting comfort and efficiency
154
Changing Nature of Work
How information technologies and automation alter job roles, employment conditions and work processes, changing an individual's job satisfaction and fulfillment
155
Freedom of Information
The public's right to access government-held information
156
Data security
The protection of data from unauthorised access, theft or damage by using encryption, firewalls, wired transmission, Intranet/Extranets, usernames and passwords, network monitoring, (not clicking suspicious links)
157
Data Access
The ability of individuals or systems to retrieve data
158
Flexibility
The ability of a human to change how they work
159
Common sense
Small errors produced by humans/machines can be easily fixed by participants, but a machine will get stuck because they cannot make decisions/critically think
160
Ingenuity
Participants may find methods to manufacture products faster
161
Human-centred system
A system where humans control the processes and make the critical decisions, while machines are there to assist them
162
Machine-centred systems
A system where machines are mainly in control, and humans are only needed to support machines
163
Netiquette
The respectful and ethical behaviour on the Internet when using communication technology
