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English > Keywords > Flashcards

Keywords Flashcards

1
Q

Accent

A

Form of pronunciation associated with a particular district

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2
Q

Adjacency pairs

A

A pair of utterance from different speakers where the second speaker is controlled by the first speakers utterance. This occurs in a question-answer format or when one person greets another

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3
Q

Agenda setting

A

This refers to the person who takes the initiative and chooses the topic being talked about

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4
Q

Alienation

A

Theatrical technique developed by the dramatist Brecht, where a commonly held belief is challenged and the audience is made to reconsider its validity

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5
Q

Alignment

A

This is indicated by repetition of a speakers phrase

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6
Q

Alliteration

A

Use of the same consonant at the beginning of words close together for emphasis

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7
Q

Antitheses

A

Constructions in which words are opposed or contrasted but balanced as in: “Man proposes, God disposes”

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8
Q

Argot

A

Special vocabulary used by a particular group and often not understood by others

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9
Q

Assonance

A

Repetition of similar vowel sounds, especially within words on stressed syllables

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10
Q

Bathetic

A

Anticlimactic speech or situation. Change from serious mood to a more trivial one

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11
Q

Blank verse

A

Unrhymed verse, usually with 10 syllables to a line with alternate unstressed and stressed beats

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12
Q

Body language

A

Gestures such as nodding or waving or facial expression. Can be used to indicate turn taking in discourse

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13
Q

Caesura

A

Pause or break within a line of verse creating a sense of balance or draw attention to a significant word

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14
Q

Catharsis

A

Outpouring of emotions and the relief of tension that the audience feels at the climatic moment in a play

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15
Q

Characterisation

A

How an author uses dialogue, actions and behaviour to develop a characters personality

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16
Q

Choric

A

Taking on the role of a “chorus” and commenting and reflecting on the action

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17
Q

Climax

A

Ascending series of events or ideas which intensify or a moment of decision

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18
Q

Colloquial

A

Semi technical term for everyday or vernacular form of language which is informal or include slangs

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19
Q

Construct

A

Something carefully shaped and created rather than naturally occurring

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20
Q

Convergence

A

When a speaker wants to show orientation with another speaker they may change their normal speech by adopting a more formal or higher (upward convergence) prestige or informal register (downward convergence). Opposite is divergence where speaker wants to isolate themselves from another speaker

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21
Q

Demotic

A

Everyday ordinary, prosaic language

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22
Q

Denouement

A

When the tangles of the plot are unravelled and all is revealed and resolved

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23
Q

Dialect

A

Variety of langue where the regional or social background of the speaker can be identified from their vocabulary

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24
Q

Dramatic effects

A

Effects used do evoke an emotional or intellectual response

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25
Q

Dramatic irony

A

When the audience knows more than he character and is made to feel helpless, anxious or tense

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26
Q

Suspense

A

Occurs when he audience is told something and waits in a state of dread or anticipation for action to unfold

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27
Q

Dualism

A

Concept they world is ruled by opposed forces of good and evil and the concept that humans have two basic natures - physical and spiritual

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28
Q

Elision

A

Omission of a sound of syllable

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29
Q

Ellipses

A

Omission of part of sentence of a word

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30
Q

Endorsement

A

Where a speaker wishes to endorse another speakers view of statement to indicate solidarity by reinforcement

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31
Q

Enjabment

A

Continuation of a phrase or unit of meaning form one line to the next without a break in a poem

32
Q

Existentialist

A

Writing which follows the philosophical concept that denies there is meaning to life other than what we create for ourselves

33
Q

Fallacious

A

Deceptive, misleading, illogical, wrong

34
Q

Field specific lexis

A

Particular semantic field of words connected in meaning

35
Q

Foregrounded

A

A term used when a speaker of writer brings a topic to the foreground ie emphasises it

36
Q

Gatekeeper

A

Person with power to control the discourse, governing the turn taking or the ritual

37
Q

Hedge

A

Speaker avoids directness or hesitating. Also used to avoid being compromised if what you say is later proved wrong

38
Q

Hubris

A

Arrogance and pride - Greek tragedy

39
Q

Hyperbole

A

Exaggeration used deliberately for emphasis

40
Q

Idiolect

A

Individual’s particular way of speaking

41
Q

Idiomatic

A

Speech typical of a people of place

42
Q

Idiosyncratic

A

Particular to one individual often with the implication of quirkiness of eccentricity

43
Q

Imagery

A

Refers to figurative language

44
Q

Incrementum

A

Action or process of gradually increasing. Usually refers to lists which build up to a climax

45
Q

International features

A

Features of spoken discourse which are commonly seen when people interact, such as someone being dominant

46
Q

Irony

A

Language that conveys a meaning often the opposite of what the words might literally suggest

47
Q

Mediated

A

When someone or something has intervened in a situation

48
Q

Metaphor

A

Figure of speech where two things are concisely compared

49
Q

Paralinguistic features

A

Broad term used to refer to aspects of talk that are non-lexical but convey meaning. Words such as umm and grunts

50
Q

Parallelism

A

Occurs when utterances are parallel

51
Q

Pathos

A

Usually refers to feelings of sadness that a character or scene evokes

52
Q

Personification

A

Giving human characteristics to non-human forms

53
Q

Phonological features

A

This refers to the sounds in speech such as pitch and intonation, speed and stress. Whispering can convey secrecy and using flat tones suggest depression

54
Q

Puns

A

Word play, usually witty remark that relies for its humour on bringing together two words of similar form but different meaning

55
Q

Register

A

How formal the speaker is

56
Q

Satire

A

Aims to bring about correction or reform by means of amusement or ridicule

57
Q

Schema

A

Set of expectations in any given situation

58
Q

Absurdist

A

Writing which presents us with the idea that life has no intrinsic meaning and that it is in fact pointless

59
Q

Soliloquy

A

A form of monologue that allows the character to speak their internal thoughts out loud to offer an audience self - revelation or motive or self uncertainty. What is said can always be regarded as the truth as it appears to that character

60
Q

Solipsism

A

Extreme form of scepticism which bold that’s the only knowledge is the knowledge of ones own existence

61
Q

Topic management

A

How the topic is being handled ie who changes the topic

62
Q

Triple structure

A

Triplets. Repeating worlds or longer utterances for rhetoric effect “education” x3

63
Q

Grice’s maxims

A

Quality: tell the truth
Quantity; give enough maximum information with minimum effort
Relation: be relevant and act accordingly
Manner: be clear and not obscure

64
Q

T R I P E

A

T- transactional - exchanges where there is some negation (asking for directions)
R- referential (providing information)
I - interactional(social exchanges)
P - phatic(small talk/devoid of serious content)
E - expressive/expository(convey feelings or exposing something)

65
Q

Dysphemism

A

Unnecessary extreme way of saying something not normally considered appropriate ie taboo language

66
Q

Euphemism

A

Polite way to say something not considered socially acceptable ie to kick the bucket

67
Q

Dynamic verb

A

Verb that refers to a movement or action such as run leap or grasp

68
Q

Oxymoron

A

Expression that seems contradictory eg living death

69
Q

Self repair

A

When a speaker corrects himself/herself

70
Q

Face theory

A

Act of avoiding conflict in conversation which relates to the tactics used to minimise the risk that someone will lose “face”

71
Q

Positive politeness

A

Actively making the other speaker feel good: offering compliments, sound things for them

72
Q

Negative politeness

A

Means avoiding conflict, not imposing, avoiding engaging with tricky topics, apologising when not particularly in the wrong

73
Q

Inference

A

Conclusion reached on basis of evidence and reasoning

74
Q

Interjection

A

Abrupt remark especially as an aside or interruption “good grief!”

75
Q

Interrogatives

A

Asking questions

76
Q

Declarative

A

Simple utterances

English (4 decks)

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