Keywords

Question 1

Articulatory suppression

Answer 1

You cannot verbally rehearse information, whilst also speaking out loud, so the rehearsal is prevented, suppressed.

Question 2

Babrick et al (1975)

Answer 2

He investigated the duration of very long memory. He aimed to test duration by testing recall of real life information.

Question 3

Baddeley (1966)

Answer 3

Carried out research to identify how the STM and LTM encode information.

Question 4

Baddeley and Hitch (1977)

Answer 4

They investigated whether interference was a better explanation for forgetting than the passage of time.

Question 5

Baddeley and Godden (1975)

Answer 5

They identified whether recall is better when recalling information in the same context, as where information was remembered (context dependent retrieval).

Question 6

Bartlett

Answer 6

Stayed ‘reconstructed memory’ is putting the pieces of information from a memory together, but often in the wrong order.

Question 7

Capacity

Answer 7

The amount of information that can be held in the memory

Question 8

Clive Wearing

Answer 8

Contracted a virus, which attacked his brain and has a profound case of total amnesia due to the illness.

Question 9

Central executive

Answer 9

Thought to be the ‘boss’ of the working memory, selectively attending to same stimuli, whilst ignoring others and retrieving information for use of the working memory.

Question 10

Context Dependent retrieval (Baddeley and Godden (1975))

Answer 10

They identified whether recall is better when recalling information in the same context, as where the information was remembered.

Question 11

Conformity effect: Gabbert et al (2003)

Answer 11

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of post-event information on the accuracy of eye witness testimony.

Question 12

Christian and Hibinette (1993)

Answer 12

They aimed to investigate the effects of anxiety on the accuracy of eyewitness testimony.

Question 13

Cognitive interview

Answer 13

Method of interviewing eye witnesses and victims about what they remember from a crime scene.

Question 14

Duration

Answer 14

The time during which something exists or lasts.

Question 15

Declarative memory

Answer 15

(Type of LTM) is the memories of facts, data and events. There are two types, semantics and episodic memory.

Question 16

Digit span test

Answer 16

When you are given a series of digits and asked to immediately recall them to order. The list of digits to recall get progressively longer.

Question 17

Echoic

Answer 17

One of the sensory memory registers, a component of sensory memory that is specifically retaining auditory information.

Question 18

Encoding

Answer 18

How information is stored in memory, iconic and echoic.

Question 19

Ebbinghaus

Answer 19

Coined the terms ‘primacy’ and ‘recency’ effect, to explain this phenomenon.

Question 20

Episodic memory

Answer 20

Is about knowing memory of events.

Question 21

Episodic buffet

Answer 21

Acts as a general store for memory which are both visual and acoustic.

Question 22

Encoding specific principle (Tulving 1983)

Answer 22

States that some of the same cues, which are present at encoding must be present at retrieval to achieve full remembering.

Question 23

Eyewitness testimony

Answer 23

Legal term and refer to an account given by people of an event they have witnessed.

Question 24

Encoding (acoustic)

Answer 24

Remembering some words because of the way they sound

Question 25

Glanzer and Cunitz

Answer 25

Stated that when a distraction task is used, then recall of the last words is just as bad as the middle line.

Question 26

Gieselman (1985)

Answer 26

Wondered whether cognitive interviews work. His aim was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive interviews at improving the accuracy of EWT.

Question 27

Haptic memory

Answer 27

Tactile imput from the body- things you have touched.

Question 28

Iconic memory

Answer 28

Remembering things you see.

Question 29

Interference theory

Answer 29

States forgetting is caused by two memories competing with one another. More likely when the information is similar (proactive and retroactive).

Question 30

Information chunking

Answer 30

Breaking up long strings of information into units or chunks.

Question 31

Immediate recall test

Answer 31

First words in a list are remembered, because they have been rehearsed and therefore have moved to the LTM.

Question 32

Köhneken et al (1999)

Answer 32

‘Do cognitive interviews work?’ Aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive interviews at improving the accuracy of EWT.

Question 33

Linear model

Answer 33

New information travels in one direction.

Question 34

Long term memory store

Answer 34

The last stage of memory, where memories from long ago are stored, due to maintenance rehearsal and retrieval (LTM).

Question 35

Loftus and Palmer (1974)

Answer 35

Aimed to test it the use of leading questions affected memory recall (study one) and also tested if the use of leading questions is a result of response bias or if the memory is altered.

Question 36

Loftus (1979)

Answer 36

Created and tested the weapons effect, which studied the level of anxiety of a witness.

Question 37

Leading question

Answer 37

The questioner asks something, but include information that could cause you to give a different answer.

Question 38

Multi-store model

Answer 38

Suggests out memory is divided into three elements within a system from the sensory register into the STM and finally into the LTM.

Question 39

Miller (1956)

Answer 39

AIM was to test the capacity of STM (digit span test)

Question 40

McGeoch and McDonald (1931)

Answer 40

Aim to test whether similarity effects recall, specifically effects recall, specially looking at retrospective interference.