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Chemistry Paper 2 > Keywords > Flashcards

Keywords Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Acid

A

When dissolved in water has pH of less than 7

Proton (H+) donors

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2
Q

Activation energy

A

Minimum energy needed for a reaction to take place

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3
Q

Alkali

A

Solution that has a pH of more than 7

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4
Q

Alkane

A

Saturated hydrocarbon

CnH2n+2

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5
Q

Alkene

A

Unsaturated hydrocarbon

Carbon-carbon double bond

CnH2n

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6
Q

Alloy

A

Mixture of 2 or more elements

At least 1 is metal

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7
Q

Anhydrous

A

Substance that doesn’t contain water

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8
Q

Aqueous solution

A

Mixture made by adding soluble substance to water

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9
Q

Atmosphere

A

Relatively thin layer of gases surrounding earth

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10
Q

Base

A

Oxide, hydroxide or carbonate of a metal that reacts with an acid

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11
Q

Biodegradable

A

Materials that can be broken down by microorganisms

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12
Q

Biofuel

A

Fuel made from animal or plant products

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13
Q

Carbon footprint

A

Total amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases emitted over full life cycle f a product, service or event

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14
Q

Carbon steel

A

Alloy of iron containing controlled, small amounts of carbon

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15
Q

Catalyst

A

Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by providing a different pathway for the reaction that has a lower activation energy

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16
Q

Catalytic converter

A

Fitted to exhausts of vehicles to reduce pollutants released

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17
Q

Ceramics

A

Materials made by heating clay or other compounds, to Hugh temperatures to make hard, but often brittle materials

Excellent electrical insulators

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18
Q

Chromatography

A

Process whereby small amounts of dissolved substances are separated running a solvent along a material such as absorbent paper

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19
Q

Climate change

A

Change in global weather patterns that could be caused by excess levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

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20
Q

Closed System

A

System in which no matter enters or leaves

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21
Q

Collision theory

A

Explanation of chemical reactions in terms of reacting particles colliding with sufficient energy for a reaction to take place

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22
Q

Composites

A

Materials made of 2 or more different materials

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23
Q

Compound

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A

Substance made when 2 or more elements are chemically bonded together

24
Q

Cracking

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A

Reaction used in oil industry to break down large hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful ores

25
Distillation
Separation of a liquid from a mixture by evaporation followed by condensation
26
DNA
Large organic molecule that encodes genetic instructions for development and function of living organisms and viruses
27
Endothermic
Reaction that takes energy from surroundings
28
Equilibrium
Point in a reversible reaction at which forward and backward rate of reaction are the same Amounts of substances present in reacting mixture remain constant
29
Exothermic
Reaction that transfers energy to surroundings
30
Fermentation
Reaction in which enzymes in yeast turn glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide
31
Formulation
Mixture that has been designed as a useful product
32
Fraction
Hydrocarbons with similar boiling points separated from crude oil
33
Fractional distillation
Way to separate liquids from a mixture of liquids by boiling off substances at different temperatures Condensing and collecting liquids
34
Flame emission spectroscopy
Method of instrumental analysis in which light given off when a sample is placed in a flame produces characteristic line spectra to identify and measure concentration of metal ions in sample
35
Galvanised
Iron or steel objects that have been protected from rusting by a thin layer of zinc metal at their surface
36
Hydrated
Describes substance that contains water in its crystals
37
Hydrocarbon
Compound containing only hydrogen and carbon
38
Incomplete combustion
When a fuel burns in insufficient oxygen producing carbon monoxide as a toxic product
39
Inert
Unreactive
40
Law of conservation of energy
Total mass of products formed in a reaction is equal total mass of reactants
41
Le Chatelier’s Principle
When a change in condition is introduced to a system at equilibrium, the position of equilibrium shifts so as to cancel out the change
42
Ore
Rock which contains enough metal to make it economically worthwhile to extract the metal
43
Oxidation
Reaction where oxygen is added to a substance OR When electrons are lost
44
Oxidised
Reaction where oxygen is added to a substance OR When electrons are lost from a substance
45
Particulate
Small solid particle given off from motor vehicles as a result of incomplete combustion of its fuel
46
Percentage yield
Actual mass of product collected in a reaction divided by maximum mass that could have been formed in theory multiplied by 100
47
Precipitate
Insoluble solid formed by a reaction taking place in solution
48
Recycle
Process in which waste materials are processed to be used again
49
Respiration
Process by which food molecules are broken down to release energy for the cells
50
Reversible reaction
Reaction in which products can re-form from the reactants
51
Rusting
Corrosion of iron
52
Sacrificial protection
Effective way to prevent rusting whereby a metal more reactive than iron is attached to or coated on an object
53
Stainless steel
Chromium-nickel alloy of steel which does not rust
54
Thermal decomposition
Breakdown of a compound by heating it
55
Thermosetting polymer
Polymer that can form extensive cross-linking between chains, resulting in rigid materials which are heat-resistant
56
Thermosoftening polymer
Polymer that forms plastics which can be softened by heating, then remoulded into different shapes as they cool down and set
57
Weak acids
Acids that do not ionise completely in aqueous solutions

Chemistry Paper 2 (13 decks)

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