Keywords B

Question 1

abyssal zone

Answer 1

a layer of the pelagic zone of the ocean

Question 2

aerobic respiration

Answer 2

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars).

Question 3

ammonia

Answer 3

produces the first form of nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle through mineralization

Question 4

ammonification

Answer 4

the process by which microorganisms present in soil, sediment, or water mineralize low molecular weight, dissolved, organic molecules presenting amine or amide groups (of general formula R-NH2) and produce ammonium

Question 5

anaerobic respiration

Answer 5

respiration through which cells can break down sugars to generate energy in the absence of oxygen.

Question 6

assimilation

Answer 6

the movement of digested food molecules into the cells inside the body to be used

Question 7

barrier islands

Answer 7

constantly changing deposit of sand that forms parallel to the coast

Question 8

bathyal zone

Answer 8

marine ecologic realm extending down from the edge of the continental shelf to the depth at which the water temp is 39 degrees farenhite

Question 9

Biosphere

Answer 9

A global ecosystem made up of living organisms: plants, animals, and bacteria

Question 10

Bottleneck Effect

Answer 10

A reduction in population due to environmental disasters/events

Question 11

Hydrologic Cycle

Answer 11

The continuous circulation of water through natural processes

Question 12

Cellular Respiration

Answer 12

A process that converts sugars and oxygen into ATP and carbon dioxide. (C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O)

Question 13

climate

Answer 13

The average weather of an environment over a period of time (months - years)

Question 14

Community

Answer 14

A group of species that interact and/or live in a shared area

Question 15

convection currents

Answer 15

global air movements that are caused by the unequal heating of Earth

Question 16

cyanobacteria

Answer 16

large group of diverse photoautrophic prokayotes and are classified as monophyletic phylum within domain bacteria

Question 17

denitrification

Answer 17

the microbial process of reducing nitrate to gaseous forms of oxygen

Question 18

Ecosystem

Answer 18

a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

Question 19

endemic species

Answer 19

species that is native and found in a limited area

Question 20

Euphotic Zone

Answer 20

The upper layer of the ocean that allows light to enter and foster photosynthesis

Question 21

eutrophic

Answer 21

the enviornment becomes enriched with nutrients, increasing the amount of plant and algae growth to estuaries

Question 22

G.I.S.

Answer 22

Geographic information systems help to store, analyze, and retrieve geological data.

Question 23

gaia hypothesis theory

Answer 23

posits that Earth and its biological systems behave as a huge single entity.

Question 24

gene flow

Answer 24

involves genes moving in or out of a population

Question 25

genetic diversity

Answer 25

the range of diversity within a species

Question 26

Genetic Drift

Answer 26

Evolution through the random altering of genes

Question 27

Geographic isolation

Answer 27

Two populations are separated by geographic barriers. Ex: mountains, rivers, and other bodies of water

Question 28

H.I.P.P.O.

Answer 28

H=Habitat Loss, I=Invasive Species, P=Pollution, P=Human Population, and O=Overharvesting

Question 29

Habitat

Answer 29

The natural environment of an organism

Question 30

hydrosphere

Answer 30

total amount of water on the planet

Question 31

indicator species

Answer 31

an organism whose presence, absence, or abundance reflects a specific environmental conditioin

Question 32

intertidal zone

Answer 32

area of shoreline between high tide and low tide

Question 33

keystone species

Answer 33

a species that defines an ecosystem

Question 34

limiting nutrient

Answer 34

the nutrient that has the smallest quantity in an ecosystem

Question 35

limnetic zone

Answer 35

the open water area where the light does not generally penetate all the way to the bottom

Question 36

Lithosphere

Answer 36

The layer of the Earth that includes the crust and the very upper layer of the mantle.

Question 37

littoral zone

Answer 37

zone in freshwater where light reaches the bottom and nurtures plants

Question 38

lotic water

Answer 38

rapidly flowing water

Question 39

Macroevolution

Answer 39

A major evolutionary change in traits or genetics

Question 40

Macronutrients

Answer 40

Nutrients that the body needs to survive, gain energy, and/or help prevent disease

Question 41

Mass Extinction

Answer 41

When species die or vanish in a large amount over a short period of time, faster than they are being reborn/repopulated.

Question 42

Native Species

Answer 42

A species that originated in that habitat and has adapted to it over its life

Question 43

niche specialist

Answer 43

being advantageous for an organism to occupy a specific niche

Question 44

nitrogen cycle

Answer 44

repeating cycle of processes where nitrogen is moved through living and non-living things

Question 45

nutrient cycle

Answer 45

the movement and exchange of inorganic and organic matter back into the production of matter. Energy flow is a unidirectional and noncyclic pathway, whereas the movement of mineral nutrients is cyclic.

Question 46

Organism

Answer 46

A living entity

Question 47

Phosphorous Cycle

Answer 47

The cycle which phosphorous moves between the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere

Question 48

Phylogeny

Answer 48

The history of evolution or line of descent in a species or group

Question 49

Population

Answer 49

A group of individuals in a community which share the same species.

Question 50

profundal zone

Answer 50

a deep zone of a island body of freestanding water, such as a lake or a pond

Question 51

Reproductive Isolation

Answer 51

when two populations are no longer able to reproduce with each other

Question 52

species evenness

Answer 52

a measure of the relative abundances of species within a community

Question 53

species richness

Answer 53

the number of species in a community

Question 54

Stratosphere

Answer 54

The second layer of the Earth's atmosphere, containing the ozone layer

Question 55

sulfur cycle

Answer 55

the movement of sulfur through the geosphere and bioshphere

Question 56

sympatric speciation

Answer 56

when their is no physical barriers preventing any members of a species mating with another

Question 57

The Coriolis effect

Answer 57

deflection cause by the movement of the earth

Question 58

The founder effect

Answer 58

The loss of genetic diversity which comes from the separation of a group from the original population

Question 59

Transpiration

Answer 59

When water vapor leaves a plant or leaf.

Question 60

Weather

Answer 60

The state the atmosphere is in, including temperature, humidity, wind, air pressure, precipitation and clouds.