Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Abdomen Ultrasound > Kidney > Flashcards

Kidney Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

In what region are the kidneys located?

A

Retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gerota’s Fascia

A

Fibrous sheath surrounding kidneys, perinephric fat, & adrenals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Renal hilum

A

“Door of the kidney;” where renal artery, vein, lymphatic vessels, & ureter enter the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Normal size of renal cortex

A

> 1.5 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cortex

A

Darker area of kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Medulla

A

Contains the renal pyramids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Columns of Bertin

A

Area of cortex between renal pyramids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Avg. size of kidney

A

10-12 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which renal vein is longer?

A

Left renal vein is longer since IVC is on the right side of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which renal artery is longer? Why?

A

Right renal artery is longer since aorta is on the left side of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Flow towards kidney

A

Aorta → Renal artery → Interlobular Arteries → Arcuate Arteries → Interlobular Arteries → Glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Flow from Kidney

A

Efferent Arterioles → Peritubular Capillaries → Interlobar Veins → Arcuate Veins → Interlobar Veins → Renal Vein → IVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Functions of the Kidney

A
  1. Dispose of waste through urine
  2. Main blood pressure through fluid regulation
  3. Regulate acid/base/electrolytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

2 Hormones of renal function

A

Aldosterone & ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hypertrophied Column of Bertin

A

Variant, larger than normal cortical tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dromedary Hump

A

Variant, bulge in capsule of left kidney due to compression by spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bilateral Renal Agenesis

A

Absence of both kidneys, fatal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Unilateral Renal Agenesis

A

Absence of one kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Supernumery Kidney

A

Variant, duplicated kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pelvic Kidney

A

Variant due to failure of kidney to ascend

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the most common ectopic kidney?

A

Pelvic Kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Crossed Fused Renal Ectopia

A

Both kidneys on the same side & fused

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Thoracic Kidney

A

Kidney in thorax due to diaphragmatic hernia in utero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Horseshoe Kidney

A

Fusion of kidneys at lower poles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the most common fusion of kidneys?
Horseshoe kidney
26
Cake/lump kidney
Fusion of kidney in medial surface
27
Sigmoid Kidney
Upper pole of one kidney fused to lower pole of other
28
Unilateral Hypoplasia
aka Compensatory Hyperplasia; one small kidney & a larger kidney to compensate
29
Persistant Fetal Lobulation
Lobulation in contour after 5 years of age
30
Double Collecting System
Variant, 2 collecting systems from 1 kidney
31
Most common anomaly of the urinary tract
Double collecting system
32
Parapelvic Cyst
Located in the sinus hilum region
33
Hematoma
Localized blood collection
34
Abscess
Caused by infection
35
Ultrasound appearance of Abcess
Poorly defined, thick walls, acoustic shadowing
36
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of kidney substance & pelvis; due to bacteria/infection in urinary tract
37
Acute Lobar Nephronia
Focal bacteria nephritis, affects renal lobes
38
Ultrasound Appearance of Acute Lobar Nephronia
Decreased echogenicity in single area, wedge shaped, no abscess
39
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Disease
Bilateral enlargement of kidney with many cysts, hyperechoic. Cysts may be present in liver, pancreas, and spleen
40
Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Disease
Infantile; detected in utero w/ oligohydramnios. Associated w/ renal dysfunction & lung hypoplasia
41
Oligohydramnios
Decreased amount of amniotic fluid during pregnancy due to the baby not urinating
42
Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney
Unilateral, cysts do not communicate. Caused by unilateral obstruction in early development
43
Most common cause of abdominal mass in newborn
Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney
44
Hydronephrosis
Obstruction of urine outflow, causing dilation of the renal pelvis. Bilateral or unilateral
45
Non-Obstructive cause of Hydronephrosis
Vesicouretal Reflux
46
Obstructive Cause of Hydronephrosis
Nephrolithiasis, carcinoma, BPH (enlargement of prostate) pregnancy, congenital, etc
47
Nephrolithiasis
Formation of kidney stones, can form at any level. Consist of calcium oxalate and/or phosphate
48
How to differentiate between kidney stones and calcified arteries?
Arteries will not have posterior shadowing
49
Medullary distinction
Lost in chronic renal failure
50
Angiomyolipoma
Benign mass composed of blood, muscles, and fat
51
Where do angiomyolipomas occurs??
Unilaterally, solitary, in females 40-60
52
Mass associated w Tuberous Sclerosis
Angiomyolipma
53
Ultrasound Appearance of Angiomyolipoma
Homogenous, well defined, hyperechoic
54
Renal Adenoma
Benign mass found in renal cortex
55
Ultrasound Appearance of Renal Adenoma
Hypoechoic/isoechoic, well circumscribed, < 3cm
56
Oncocytoma
Uncommon benign mass, often found in adult males. Pose a risk for hemorrage and scarring
57
Renal Cell Carcinoma aka
Hypernephroma, Von Grawitz Tumor, Renal Adenocarcinoma
58
Most common adult renal malignancy
Renal Cell Carcinoma
59
Ultrasound appearance of Hypernephroma
Variable, irregula, hypoechoic, calcification
60
Signs/Symptoms of Renal Adenocarcinoma
Flank pain, weight loss, hematuria, fever
61
Renal Cell Carcinoma uni/bi
Unilateral
62
Transitional Cell Carcinoma
Malignancy in the transitional cells of the urinary tract
63
Occurence of transitional cell carcinoma
Occurs in kidney, pelvis, ureter, bladder & 60+ males
64
Transitional Cell Carcinoma may result in
Hematuria & hydronephrosis
65
Ultrasound Appearance of Transitional Cell Carcinoma in bladder
Non-mobile focal masses in bladder lumen
66
Location of transplanted kidney
In an inverted position & in iliac fossa to connect to iliac artery
67
Role of Ultrasound in Transplant
Patients who present w azotemia, hydronephrosis, peri-renal fluid collections, vascular complications

Abdomen Ultrasound (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions