Kidney

Question 1

What are the organs of the urinary system?

Answer 1

ureter, 2 kidneys, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 2

WHat is secreted from the kidneys?

Answer 2

Urine. By filtrering waste products (Small molecules and ions) from the blood, the kideny releases them as urine

Question 3

How does the kidey regulate blood volume and pressure?

Answer 3

depending of the hydration levels of the body, the kidney can either produce a small amount of concentrated urine or a large amount of diluted urine. This helps regulate extracellular fluids like blood because things are being taken out of the blood, thereby reducing blood pressure or volume

Question 4

WHat does the kidney refugate?

Answer 4

• pH by release H+
• blood solute concentrations (NA,CL,K, Ca2+, HCO3-, HPO3) or urea
• secretes erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell production
• vitamin D synthesis by controlling blood Ca2+ levels

Question 5

What organs constitute the renal corpuscle?

Answer 5

The glomerulus, and glomerulus capsule.

Question 6

Describe the pathway of filtration in the renal corpuscle.

Answer 6

Blood enters the afferent arteriole into the glomerular capillaries. The capillaries then filter the waste products into filtrate. Filtrate then flows into the glomerulus capsule while the filtered blood flows back through the efferent arteriole. From the glomerulus capsule, the waste flows into the proximal convoluted tubule.

Question 7

Describe the layers of the glomerulus capsule.

Answer 7

parietal layer is made up of simple squamous epithelium. Becomes cube shaped as it meets the proximal convoluated tubule.
The viseral layer is made up of podocytes that wrap around glomerulus

Question 8

What features contribute to the renal corpuscles ability to filter? How?

Answer 8

• The glomerular capillaries contrain fenestrae that do not allow large proteins or red blood cells through.
• the filtration slits between podocytes creates a porous viseral layer, further contributing to more filtration.
• the larger diamenter of the afferent arteriole than the efferent arteriole creates higher pressure environment in the glomerulus

Question 9

WHAT CAUSES THE FILTRATE TO ENTER THE GLOMERULAR CAPSULE?

Answer 9

THE HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE GLOMERULAR CAPILLIARES (GCP) FORCES THE FILTRATE OUT OF THE FILTRATION MEMBRANE AND INTO THE
GLOMERULAR CAPSULE

Question 10

WHAT HAPPPENS TO PROTEINS THAT DO NOT GET FILTERED BY THE FILTRATION MEMBRANE AND END UP AS FILTRATE?

Answer 10

THEY ARE REABOSORBED BY ENDOCYTOSIS AND METABOLIZED BY CELLS IN THE PROXIMAL CONVULATED TUBULE

Question 11

WHAT IS GLOMERULA CAPILLARIY PRESSURE? WHAT CAUSES IT?

Answer 11

THE OUTWORD PRESSURE. IT IS CAUSED BY BLOOD PUSHING ON FENESTRATED WALLS. HELPS PUMP FILTRATE OUT INTO THE GLOMERULAR CAPSULE.
CAUSED BY THE LARGER AFFERENT ATREIOLE VS THE SMALLER EFFERENT ATERIOLE

Question 12

What is capsular hydrosatic pressure?

Answer 12

Pressure caused by filtrate fluid in the glomerular capusle. it opposes filtration, but is still less than BCOP

Question 13

What is Blood colliod osmotic pressure?

Answer 13

osmtic pressure that causes the proteins in the filtrate of the glomerular capsule to be drawn back into the glomerular capillaries. It is greater than CHP, but smalleer than GCP. iT is greater at end of glomerular capillaries because concentration is greater there

Question 14

What is glomerular filtration rate?

Answer 14

Amount glomerular capillaires filtrate/minute

Question 15

What are juxtaglomerular cells?

Answer 15

smooth muscle cells located where afferent atreioles eneter renal corpuscle