Kidney Flashcards
(32 cards)
What is the effect of TMP on K levels?
Hyperkalemia, blocks ENaC
What is the test of choice to detect diabetic nephropathy?
Random urine for microalbumin/creatinine ratio
What injury does blood at the beginning of urination indicate?
Urethral injury or urethritis
What injury does blood at the end of urination indicate?
Prostatic or bladder injury
What injury does blood throughout urination indicate?
Ureters of kidney injury–will not pass clots
Renal vein thrombosis (RVT) occurs because of loss of…
Antithrombin III (an inhibitor of the coag cascade)
RVT is most associated with what nephrotic syndrome?
Membranous glomerulopathy
What are indications of rhabdo?
Red urine and increased Cr
Symptoms of periorbital swelling, hematuria, and oliguria indicate what glomerulonephritis?
Post-strep glomerulonephritis
What does urine show in PSGN?
Hematuria with RBC casts and proteinuria
- C3 levels are also low
What is the first sign of renal abnormality in pts with DM?
Glomerular hyperfiltration
What is the first change to the kidney in pts wtih DM that can be quantitated?
Glomerular basement membrane thickening
- followed by mesangial expansion
- followed by nodular sclerosis (specific for diabetic nephropathy)
What part of the kidney is injured in analgesic nephropathy?
Causes tubulointerstitial nephritis
A non-anion gap metabolic acidosis with preserved kidney fx indicates…
Renal tubular acidosis
Metformin should not be given to acutely ill patients with kidney failure. liver failure, or sepsis, because…
…it causes lactic acidosis
What is the most common type of glomerulonephropathy associated with malignancies?
Membranous glomerulonephropathy, generally associated with solid tumors (lung, colon, prostate, breast)
What is the most common type of glomerulonephropathy associated with Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
Minimal change disease
What is the first step in normalizing a pt with hyperkalemia?
Administration of insulin and glucose, to drive to K intracellularly (and prevent hypoglycemia)
Loop diuretics act on what channel in the kidney?
Na-K-Cl channel in the loop of Henle
- Cause Na wasting
- Therefore also increase K secretion
What is a common vascular complication of ADPCKD?
Berry aneurysm
What’s the preferred imaging for renal stones?
US
How do thiazide diuretics prophylax against kidney stones?
Reabsorb Na and water, and Ca is passively reabsorbed with them
What’s the most common COD in renal tx and dialysis pts?
Cardiovascular death
In painless hematuria, must rule out…
…bladder ca!
