Kidney Flashcards
(25 cards)
nephron
functional unit of the nephron
- where the waste excretion and maintenance of water occurs
- about 1 million in the kidney
afferent arteriole
entry of blood into the nephron
glomerulus
a capullary bed that exctracts stuff from the blood
- is selective through pressure, charge, and shape of cells
efferent arteriole
where the blood leaves the nephron
bowmans capsule
extracts things like water, sodium, glucose out of the blood
proximal tubule
involved in reabsorption of some things in the filtrate
- sodium, glucose, water, AA, chloride
loop of henle
- makes the medulla salty, actively pumps out salts in the ascending portion of the loop of henle
- absorbs water in the descending part of it.
distal convoluted tubule
more re absorption of calcium, sodium, ect.
- a little more water
- filtrate then moves into the collecting ducts where it is sent to the ureters.
renal function
excretory and reabsorbative
endocrine
electrolyte and water hemostasis
excretatory function of the kidneys
rid the body of undesirable products
- excrete urea, uric acid, creatinine, creatine, AA amonia, nucleotides, purines, polypeptides, and glutathione
GFR
glomerular filtration rate
- blood flitered per minute
- helps evaluate renal function and the fucntion of the nephrons
- can be used to monitor the progress of a kidney disease
endocrine function
endocrine gland produced hormones
- erythropoietin (acts on E progenitor cells increases RBC)
- prostaglandins and thromboxanes( increased blood flow, salt and water)
- renin(vasoconstrictor to rise blood pressure)
creatinine clearance test
endogenous, practical to preform, and is a standard lab test for determining early renal failure
micro albumin
important for the testing of diabetes mellitus
- type 1 and type 2 both around 30%
- can spill out due to renal hyper trophy, hyperfunction, and increased thickness of the glomerular and tubular basement membrane
- profession to glomerulosclerosis with increase glomerular capillary permeability
low molecular weight protien testing
A2- microglobulin, A1- microglobulin, retinol binding protein, Cystine C
- all have the potential to be markers for GFR
- most interesting is Cystine C
Proteinuria
increase amount of protein in the urine
- strong correlation between degree and rate of progression of renal failure
- prominent risk marker for progression of renal disease
non protein nitrogenous metabolite elimination
found in the body as breakdown products of nucleic acids, amino acids, and proteins
- 3 pricipal substances
- urea, creatinine, and uric acid
pre renal causes of metabolite elimination
decreased flow to kidneys
- factors causing congestive heart failure, shock, hemorrhage, and dehydration
- azotemia= elevated urea
renal causes of metab. elimination
renal causes of increased urea
- decreased renal function
- acute and chronic renal failure
- glomerular nephritis
- tubular necrosis
post renal causes
decreased causes of increased urea
- decreased urine flow
- stones, tumors or severe infection
creatinine disease correlation
- elevated creatinine levels associated with abnormal renal function
- may not be abnormal until 50% is deteriorated
BUN/Creatinine ratio
increased in conditions with increased urea synthesis
- blood GI tract, muscle wasting disease, severe tissue trauma, dehydration, decreased cardiac output
decreased in chronic glomerulonephritis with protein deficiency, severe hepatic insufficency and starvation
uric acid
final breakdowb of purine metabolism
- filtured by the glomerulus
- increased in Gout, increased nuclear breakdown and renal disease
acute renal failure
- excretetory function declines over hours or days can be reverse with proper treatment
