Kidney and Suprarenal

Question 1

Kidney

Answer 1

Urine production

Metabolite & excess H2O excretion

Control of vital substances []

Erythropoetin

Renin

1,25 OH Vit D

Question 2

Ventral Surface

Answer 2

Question 3

Dorsal Surface

Answer 3

Question 4

Left Kidney

Answer 4

T 11 L2

Hilum: transpyloric plane

Question 5

Right Kidney

Answer 5

T 12- L3

Lower than left due to liver

Sup lobe is in transpyloric plane

*breathing changes position by 3 cm +/-

Question 6

Orientation of Coronal Section

Answer 6

Superior pole is post & medial

Inf pole is ant & lateral

Question 7

Orientation of Sagittal sextion

Answer 7

Lateral dorsal

Medial ventral

Question 8

Anatomical Relations

Answer 8

Question 9

Peritoneam relation to kidney

Answer 9

Parietal peritoneaum on top of kidney

Primary retroperitoneal organs= kidney, suprarengal glands, ureter

infraperitoneal= bladder

Question 10

Capsules

Answer 10

Fibrous capsule covering kidney itself

Renal fascia covering the kidney and perinephric fat and hilum

Paranephric fat on the outside

F:

• keep kidney in place
• renal vessels also help to keep kidney in place
• perinephric/paranephric fat protects

Question 11

Blood supply

Answer 11

Abdominal aorta giving off renal artery branch

Superior mesentaric artery off abodminal aorta sitting over the left renal vein.

*nutcracker syndrome*

Question 12

Arterial Branching

Answer 12

Renal Artery–>

Ant/Post branch of renal a.–>

Segmental a.–>

Interlobular a.–>

Arcuate a.

Question 13

Further Arterial Branching

Answer 13

Arcuate a.–>

Cortical radiate a./ interlobular a.–>

Afferent arteriole–>

Glomerulus–>

Efferent arteriole–>

Peritubular capillaries/Vasa recta–>

Cortical radiate V./ interlobular v. –>

arcuate v.

Question 14

Renal Segments

Answer 14

Partial Nephrectomy

Question 15

Venous drainage of kidney

Answer 15

R kidney drains via R renal v.

L kidney drains via L renal v.

TO IVC!

LYMPH:

Para aortic LN to thoracic duct

Question 16

Innervation of Kidney

Answer 16

Spinal cord T12 to L2

(splanchnic n.- pregang fibers)

Celiac gang

(renal plexus- postgang fibers)

Kidney

Parasym via CN X!

Question 17

Renal Sinus

Answer 17

Centeral space of kidney–> surrounded by renal parenchyma (f unit of organ)

Contains:

Calices

Renal Pelvis

Vessels

Nerves

Fat

Question 18

Internal Structure

Answer 18

Question 19

Urinary Pathways

Answer 19

Calyx= papilla drained here

Pailla= meeting pot of 3 pyramids

Minor calyx–>

Major calyx–>

Renal Pelvis–>

Ureter

Question 20

Crossing of Ureter

Answer 20

• Ureter cross post to Gonadal vessesl
• Ureter crosses ant to External iliac a.
• Gender specific; female- uterine a.
• male- vas deferens

Blood supply of ureter comes from:

Renal a.

Gonadal a.

Superior vesical

Internal pudendal a.

Question 21

Constrictions of ureter

Answer 21

Origin (pelivocureteric junction)

Pelvic brim (cross external iliac a.)

Vesico ureteric junction

Question 22

Ureter

Answer 22

Retroperitoneal

Ureteric peristalsis- from proximal part towards bladder (anterograde dir)

Question 23

Horeshoe Shaped Kidney

Answer 23

Developmental anomaly

Question 24

Renal Cyst

Answer 24

Question 25

Polycistic Kidney

Answer 25

Question 26

Suprarenal Gland

Answer 26

Slightly superior & ant to upper pole of kidney Surrounded by fat & renal fascia Left is larger than R Symp innervation from celiac plexus & renal plexus! \*preganglionic

Question 27

Blood Supply to Suprarenal Gland

Answer 27

Sup suprarenal a. (from inf phrenic a.) Suprarenal v. (to IVC) Mid suprarenal a. (from AA) Inf suprarenal a. (from renal a. )

Question 28

Functional Anatomy of Suprarenal Gland

Answer 28

Cortex: Zona glomerulosa- mineralocorticoid (aldosteron) Zona fasciculata- glucocorticoid production (cortisol, corticostero) Zona reticularis- androgen (androstendion) Medulla: Innervated by pregang n. Part of sym NE/epi production!