KIDNEY AND UROLOGY

Question 1

The addition of the anti-androgen reduces the risk of which one of the following side effects of the gonadorelin analogue (goserelin)?

Answer 1

Tumour ‘flare’

Question 2

approximately what percentage of men who have a prostate biopsy for an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are found NOT to have prostate cancer?

Answer 2

75

Question 3

post-treatment surveillance of localised andlocally advanced prostate cancer

Answer 3

Serial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) monitoring

Question 4

commonly presents with urinary urgency, frequency and nocturia. Symptoms are usually of long duration (months to years)

Answer 4

Overactive bladder

Question 5

urinary frequency, urinary urgency and urge incontinence lasting weeks to months

Answer 5

bladder cancer

Question 6

what PERCENTAGE of men who have a normal prostate specific antigen (PSA) test are subsequently found to have prostate cancer (false negative result)

Answer 6

15

Question 7

drug is MOST likely to lowerprostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels

Answer 7

:5a-reductase inhibitors (finasteride and dutasteride)

Question 8

refers to a sample where less than 50% of the sperm are moving, as in this case of general motility reduction

Answer 8

Asthenozoospermia

Question 9

indicates a complete failure to produce any sperm

Answer 9

Azoospermia

Question 10

indicated by a semen analysis where less than 15% of sperm have normal morphology

Answer 10

Teratozoospermia

Question 11

characterised by a sperm count of less than 20 million/ml.

Answer 11

Oligozoospermia

Question 12

Acute prostatitis needs to be treated with

Answer 12

ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice daily for 14 days

Question 13

testicular tumour which occurs in men aged over 50 years?

Answer 13

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Question 14

testicular tumour which occurs in adult males between 20–60 years of age

Answer 14

Seminoma

Question 15

pain from interstitial cystitis mangement if opioids ans nsaids do not work

Answer 15

amitryptilline

Question 16

Alkalinising agents (such as potassium citrate) can reduce the effectiveness of which SINGLE antibiotic?

Answer 16

Nitrofurantoin

Question 17

Men need to be informed that there is a small increased risk of which 2 types of cancer after radical external beam radiotherapy.

Answer 17

colorectal and bladder cancer

Question 18

most common presenting feature of a Wilms’ tumour (nephroblastoma)

Answer 18

Abdominal mass

Question 19

, can cause a false positive elevation in PSA and testing should be avoided for two days after the activity.

Answer 19

Vigorous exercise, such as cycling

Question 20

medication that halves PSA after 9-12 months of use

Answer 20

5a-reductase inhibitor

Question 21

What musculoskeletal complication can be associated with ciprofloxacin

Answer 21

Tendon damage

Question 22

BEST EVIDENCE of effectiveness for ED treatment

Answer 22

Tadalafil

Question 23

MOST appropriate first-line drug treatment for overactive bladder (OAB) in women

Answer 23

Oxybutynin

Question 24

which is the MINIMUM wait after a urine infection before prostate-specific antigen (PSA) should be measured

Answer 24

6 weeks

Question 25

PSA should not be measured if (4x)

Answer 25

ejaculated 48 hours exercise within 48 hours urine infection within 6 weeks urologiucal intervention witithin 6 weeks

Question 26

tests is the gold standard to confirm the nephrotic syndrome

Answer 26

24-hour urine collection for protein:creatinine ratio

Question 27

Which SINGLE clinical feature, when combined with a testicular lump, INCREASES the PPV for testicular cancer?

Answer 27

Testicular pain

Question 28

classical symptoms of a renal cancer (triad)

Answer 28

haematuria, loin pain and a loin mass

Question 29

should also raise suspicion of a left-sided renal cancer

Answer 29

new left-sided varicocele

Question 30

ethnic group is at HIGHEST RISK of prostate cancer

Answer 30

Black

Question 31

Patients at high risk of recurrence renal stones

Answer 31

strong family history as well as early onset urolithiasis (<25 years), recurrent urolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis and disease-associated urolithiasis (inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes).

Question 32

Which is the SINGLE MOST likely site of pain in both chronic bacterial prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men?

Answer 32

Perineal

Question 33

Which is the SECOND MOST likely site of pain in both chronic bacterial prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men?

Answer 33

Testicular

Question 34

Initial investigation for haematospermia

Answer 34

Midstream urine sample

Question 35

can be used for controlling urinary symptoms of urinary frequency and urgency

Answer 35

Anticholinergics such as oxybutynin and tolterodine

Question 36

first-line to manage troublesome hot flushes secondary to androgen deprivation therapy, initially for a period of 10 weeks

Answer 36

Medroxyprogesterone

Question 37

Hunner lesions are identified on cystoscopy

Answer 37

Interstitial cystitis

Question 38

when to refer for same day admission for AKI

Answer 38

when there is no obvious cause (if there is an obvious cause, need to repeat renal function, but no need to refer)

Question 39

prostatitis, abx did not work, next medication?

Answer 39

tamsulosin (not another abx)

Question 40

management for prostatits (abx, 2 options)

Answer 40

trimethoprim 200mg BD for 4-6 weeks or doxycycline 100mg BD for 4-6 weeks

Question 41

Which ONE of the following tumour markers is the SINGLE MOST likely to be elevated with a testicular seminoma?

Answer 41

none, Tumour markers are rarely elevated with testicular seminoma

Question 42

In addition to pain, which of the following is the MOST LIKELY presentation of chronic bacterial prostatitis?

Answer 42

UTI

Question 43

Men considering treatment for their lower urinary tract symptoms should be offered what baseline assessment

Answer 43

International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS)

Question 44

Which of the following makes up the HIGHEST risk factor for developing prostate cancer?

Answer 44

Age over 50 years

Question 45

drugs that has a relative contraindication to requesting an Intravenous urogram (IVU)

Answer 45

Metformin

Question 46

potential risk for patients on metformin and receiving contrast media

Answer 46

lactic acidosis

Question 47

appropriate option for post-treatment surveillance of localised and locally advanced prostate cancer

Answer 47

Serial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) monitoring

Question 48

lesion which typically occur on the glans or shaft of the penis, labia of the female, inside of the cheeks and on the lips

Answer 48

Fordyce spots