Kidney conditions

Question 1

Acute Kidney Injury ( also called as acute renal failure)

Answer 1

• Rapid onset
• detected initially by a sudden increase in **plasma creatinine level **
• often with a reduce in urine output
• It is reversable

Question 2

Causes of AKI

Answer 2

• Loss of BP
• Reduction of Glomerular Filtration
• Shock
• Cardiac failure
• Burns(Fluid loss)
• Haemorrhage
• Reduction in urine output

Question 3

Causes of AKI -Intrinsic AKI

Answer 3

Glomerular disease/damage- inflammation, thrombosis

• Damage to kidney tubules
• Damage to renal intestitial cells
• Vascular Disease
  Inflammation (vasculitis)
  Occlusion( embolism or thrombolism)

Question 5

Chronic Kidney Disease
( Chronic Renal failure)

Answer 5

• Long duration reduction in kidney function
• Asymptomatic in early stages
• GFR decreases with age, and reduced GFR in older adults many be not related to a disease state
• Characterised be reduced GFR and increased albuminuria (leading to oedema)

Question 6

Testing for CKD

Answer 6

Proteinuria/albuminuria

Question 7

Polycystic Kidney disease

Answer 7

• Inherited disorder
• Caused by mutations in PKD1,PKD2,PKD3 genes
• Progressive of the disease is quite slow
• Patients may have cysts in other organs and have an increased risk of intracranial aneurysms and cardiac valve incompetence