kidney CTC

Question 1

most common RCC

Answer 1

clear cell

Question 2

RCC that enhances avidly (= to cortex)

Answer 2

Clear cell

Question 3

second most common RCC

Answer 3

papillary

Question 4

type of RCC typically bilateral in VHL

Answer 4

clear cell

Question 5

associated with sickle cell TRAIT

Answer 5

medullary RCC

Question 6

medullary RCC association

Answer 6

sickle cell TRAIT

Question 7

BHD RCC association

Answer 7

chromophobe

Question 8

RCC loves to grow into the

Answer 8

renal vein

Question 9

what’s worse in RCC, renal vein invasion vs adrenal involvement?

Answer 9

adrenal invasion (stage IV) ;because the fascial plane has been broken into. Renal vein is only stage 3

Question 10

DDx for T2 dark kidney lesion?

Answer 10

Papillary RCC;
Lipid poor AML;
Hemorrhagic cyst

Question 11

central scar/spokewheel pattern

Answer 11

oncocytoma

Question 12

oncocytoma imaging appearance

Answer 12

central scar/spokewheel pattern

Question 13

AMLs are associated with:

Answer 13

TSC

Question 14

when do you treat an AML

Answer 14

> 4 cm due to the increased risk of bleeding

Question 15

Hyperechoic lesion in kidney on US. Next step?

Answer 15

if they ask next step –> choose contrast enhanced cross sectional imaging (CT or MRI). This finding could be either AML or RCC so have to rule it out with more imaging. BUT!!….if you are forced to choose what it most likely is…go with AML

Question 16

multiple bilateral enhancing homogenous masses in the kidneys conforming to the kidney shape

Answer 16

lymphoma, lymphoma, lymphoma

Question 17

do adults get ARPKD or ADPKD?

Answer 17

ADults get ADpkd

they are normal at birth

Question 18

how do ADPKD patients present

Answer 18

swollen abdomen and HTN

Question 19

associations with ADPKD

Answer 19

cerebral aneurysms, liver cysts

Question 20

are ADPKD cysts big or small

Answer 20

BIG. ADpkd ADults cysts are BIG

Question 21

what happens in the liver of patients with ARPKD?

Answer 21

hepatic fibrosis (which is inverse to the degree of renal disease)

Question 22

why do infants with ARPKD die?

Answer 22

pulmonary hypoplasia in utero. kidneys don’t work –> no amniotic fluid –> lungs never expand

Question 23

why are patients with ADPKD more likely to get cancer?

Answer 23

dialysis. the disease itself doesn’t cause cancer

Question 24

history of mania. likely kidney finding?

Answer 24

small tiny cysts in a normal sized kidney 2/2 to LITHIUM.

Question 25

stone "unseen" on plain film x-ray", but seen on CT

Answer 25

uric acid

Question 26

stone not seen on CT

Answer 26

indinavir (HIV med). the only stones not seen on CT

Question 27

stone associated with women with recurrent UTIs

Answer 27

struvite stone

Question 28

staghorn stones are seen in

Answer 28

XGP

Question 29

do horseshoe kidneys or regular kidneys get more stones?

Answer 29

horseshoe kidney

Question 30

most common type of stone

Answer 30

calcium oxalate

Question 31

XGP associated stone

Answer 31

staghorn calculi

Question 32

struvite stone clinical history

Answer 32

stone associated with women with recurrent UTIs

Question 33

hemodynamically significant MEAN systolic pressure gradient by angiography

Answer 33

>10 mm Hg

Question 34

hemodynamically significant PEAK systolic pressure gradient by angiography

Answer 34

> 20 mm Hg

Question 35

what are the number values for Mean and Peak systolic pressure gradients that are considered hemodynamically significant in the renal artery in angiography

Answer 35

MEAN is > 10 mm Hg PEAK is > 20 mm Hg

Question 36

RAS by duplex US

Answer 36

renal artery/aorta PEAK systolic velocity ratio. If > 3.5 --> at LEAST 60% stenosis

Question 37

nukes study to evaluate for RAS

Answer 37

MAG-3 or DTPA captopril study

Question 38

when do you perform anterior imaging for a MAG-3 or DTPA captopril study

Answer 38

transplant or horseshoe kidney

Question 39

most common vascular pathology associated with NF1

Answer 39

renal artery stenosis

Question 40

what do people with horseshoe kidneys get?

Answer 40

TURNER SYNDROME. stones. infections. cancers (RENAL CARCINOID). trauma (isthmus is smashed against the vertebra). kidney has drainage problems.

Question 41

Turner syndrome buzz words

Answer 41

streaked ovaries, horseshoe kidney, coarctation of the aorta, hygroma

Question 42

Weigert-Meyer law

Answer 42

upper - uretereocele ( U U). ectopic insertion medially and inferior --> obstruction. inferior - refluxes (I R)

Question 43

female with constant leaking from vagina and a duplicated renal system

Answer 43

ectopic insertion of upper moeity ureter into the vagina

Question 44

in a female unilateral absent kidney is associated with

Answer 44

unicornuate uterus +/- rudimentary horn

Question 45

pine cone bladder

Answer 45

neurogenic bladder

Question 46

anterior urethra cancer

Answer 46

SCC

Question 47

posterior urethra cancer

Answer 47

TCC

Question 48

urethral cancer in a diverticulum

Answer 48

adenocarcinoma

Question 49

calcs in a fatty renal mass

Answer 49

RCC

Question 50

protrudes into the renal pelvis

Answer 50

multilocular cystic nephroma

Question 51

emphysematous pyelonephritis association

Answer 51

diabetes

Question 52

shruken calcified kidney

Answer 52

TB

Question 53

big bright kidney with decreased renal function

Answer 53

HIV

Question 54

history of lithotripsy

Answer 54

Page kidney

Question 55

cortical rim sign

Answer 55

subacute renal infarct

Question 56

history of renal biopsy

Answer 56

AVF

Question 57

reversed diastolic flow

Answer 57

renal vein thrombosis

Question 58

sickle cell trait

Answer 58

medullary RCC

Question 59

young adult, renal mass + severe HTn

Answer 59

juxtaglomerular cell tumor

Question 60

long stricture in urethra

Answer 60

gonococcal

Question 61

short stricture in urethra

Answer 61

straddle injury

Question 62

most common location for TCC

Answer 62

bladder

Question 63

second most common location for TCC

Answer 63

upper urinary tract

Question 64

which is premalignant, leukoplakia or malakioplakia

Answer 64

leukoplakia is pre malignant