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abdominal kidney/spleen/gi/scrotum > kidney pathology > Flashcards

kidney pathology Flashcards

1
Q

simple renal cyst affects …

A

50% of adults over 50

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2
Q

atypical cyst

A

hemorrhagic cyst
infected cyst

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3
Q

parapelvic cyst

A

arises in renal hilum but does not communicate w/ collecting system

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4
Q

parapelvic cyst sono findings

A

irregular borders
can be confused for hydro

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5
Q

what is an angiomyolipoma

A

common
composed of fat
mostly found in women 20-50

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6
Q

angiomyolipoma on ultrasound

A

focal,solid, hyperechoic
bilateral involvment in pts w/ tuberous sclerosis

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7
Q

what are adenoma and oncocytoma

A

common benign renal tumors
usually hypoechoic
biopsy may be required

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8
Q

common medical renal diseases

A

glomerulonephritis
acute tubular necrosis

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9
Q

symptoms for medical renal disease

A

hypertension
anemia
peripheral adema
nephrotic syndrome

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10
Q

what is nephrotic syndrome

A

a group of symptoms-
protein in urine
low blood protein
high cholesterol and high triglyceride levels
swelling

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11
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

necrosis occurs in glomeruli
tubules become affected

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12
Q

Glomerulonephritis on ultrasound

A

bilateral enlarged echogenic kidneys

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13
Q

Acute Tubular Necrosis usually caused by

A

lack of oxygen to kidney tissue

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14
Q

Acute Tubular Necrosis on ultrasound

A

enlarged kidneys

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15
Q

hydronephrosis is due to

A

failure of normal drainage of urine from the kidney
result of blockage or a kink, tumor , or narrowing

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16
Q

hydro symptoms

A

UTI
frequent urination
pain flank or abdomen
pain while peeing

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17
Q

Pyelonephritis usually caused by

A

e coli

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18
Q

Pyelonephritis
more common in

A

women

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19
Q

Pyelonephritis
causes

A

toilet hygiene
female short urethra
stones
enlarged prostate

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20
Q

Pyelonephritis
symptoms

A

diarrhea
fever
nausea
shivering
vomiting
black/flank pain

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21
Q

Pyelonephritis
complications

A

pyonephrosis
emphysematousPyelonephritis
sepsis

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22
Q

what is pyonephrosis

A

pus within renal system
occurs seconday

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23
Q

(Emphysematous Pyelonephritis)

A

kidney tissue destroyed
infection releases toxic gas

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24
Q

kidney. stones

A

common cause of blood in urine
more in males
common in people who have diets high in animal protein and drink little fluid

25
Q

kidney stone symptoms

A

pain on lower back
blood in urine
fever chills
urine smells bad

26
Q

what is a kidney stone usually not visualized

A

when it is 3mm or less

27
Q

kidney stones on ultrasound

A

acoustic shadowing
twinkle color artifact

28
Q

staghorn calculus

A

stone occupys large portion of collecting system

29
Q

hydroureter

A

ureter filled with urine

30
Q

malignant renal symptoms

A

weight loss
fatigue
back pain
intermittent fever

31
Q

RCC (Renal cell carcinoma)

A

85% of all kidney tumors
starts in the nephrons
peaks in 70 yr age range

32
Q

RCC on ultrasound

A

calcification may be seen
solid parenchymal mass

33
Q

RCC grade 1

A

confined to kidney

34
Q

grade 2 RCC

A

spread to perinephric fat within gerotas fascia

35
Q

grade 3 RCC

A

spread to renal vein, ivc, nodes

36
Q

grade 4 RCC

A

invasions of neighboring structures

37
Q

transitional cell carcinoma

A

tumor of renal pelvis but
more frequently found in bladder
more common in males

38
Q

transitional cell carcinoma on ultrasound

A

solid hypoechoic mass
located within renal pelvic

39
Q

nephroblastoma

A

common solid mass found during childhood
peak incidence during 2nd yr of life
90% have palpable abd mass

40
Q

nephroblastoma on ultrasound

A

> 10 cm
lesion usually echogenic

41
Q

common site of metastases

A

skin
lymph
lungs,breast,colon,stomach

42
Q

what should you look for post renal transplant

A

presence of hydro
fluid
renal size

43
Q

signs for renal transplant rejection

A

sudden cessation of urine output-anuria
oliguria-decreased output
increased creatinine,protein
hypertension or swelling

44
Q

perinephric fluid collections assoc. w/ renal transplant

A

urinoma
lymphocele
hematoma
abscess

45
Q

urinoma

A

collection of urine outside the kidney or bladderr
clinical: decreased urine output

46
Q

lymphocele

A

leakage of lymphatic vessels usually between UB and kidney

47
Q

hematoma

A

leakage from blood vessels
decreased hematocrit

48
Q

abscess

A

pus
increase WBC,fever,flank pain

49
Q

risk factors for renal vascular disease

A

hypertension
smoking
high cholesterol
diabetes
female
age

50
Q

most common reason for renal artery stenosis

A

atherosclerosis
build up of plaque

51
Q

other reasons for renal artery stenosis

A

fibromuscular dysplasia
takayasus artritis

52
Q

renal artery anuerysm

A

can be asymptomatic
idiopathic

53
Q

conditions assoc. w/ renal vein thrombosis

A

trauma
compression
pregnancy
steroids
birth control

54
Q

AV fistula

A

abnormal connection between a artery and vein
complication of renal biopsy

55
Q

what is cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder
more common in women

56
Q

cystitis symptoms

A

burning
pain while peeing
cloudy dark urine
pain in lower back/abdomen

57
Q

what is bladder diverticulum

A

outpouching of bladder wall

58
Q

bladder diverticulum symptoms

A

retention
UTI
blood in urine

59
Q

majority of cancer in the bladder is

A

transitional cell carcinoma

abdominal kidney/spleen/gi/scrotum (4 decks)

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