kidney stone disease

Question 1

80% of all stones are

Answer 1

calcium oxalate stones

Question 2

calcium oxalate stones
uric acid stones
struvite stones

Answer 2

radio-opaque
radiolucent
radioopaque

Question 3

calcium stone formation can be due to hypercalcuria how?

Answer 3

• renal calcium leak
• leach from bone, hyperparathyroidism
  malignancy, steroids
• increased GI absorption
• increased intake

Question 4

increased oxalate how?

Answer 4

• IBD

- short bowel syndrome

Question 5

preventing calcium oxalate stones by

Answer 5

increasing fluid intake

DO NOT reduce calcium intake

Question 6

medications to treat hypercalcuria

Answer 6

HCTZ

- K citrate increases pH

Question 7

which bacteria is NOT involved in struvite stone formation

Answer 7

E coli

Question 8

uric acid stones are associated with

Answer 8

gout

acidic urine!!! pH 5-5.5

Question 9

how can you see/visualize uric acid stones

Answer 9

• CT
  ultra sound
  NOT X-RAY

Question 10

Cystine stones - caused by lack of resorption of

Answer 10

COLA

• cystine
• ornithine
• lysine
• arginine

Question 11

urinary infection with an obstructing stone is

Answer 11

an emergency

Question 12

hematuria in kidney stone situation often

Answer 12

microscopic

Question 13

Ddx of renal colic

Answer 13

• acute ureteric obstruction
• pyelonephritis
• abdominal crisis
• ruptured AAA
• gynecological
• radiculitis

Question 14

what type of CT to use for looking at stones

Answer 14

non contrast spiral CT

Question 15

imaging for stones

Answer 15

KUB x-ray

Question 16

management of stones

Answer 16

• narcotics
• NSAIDs - reduce pressure
• N/V- anti-emetic
• IV fluids
• Medical expulsive therapy

Question 17

medial expulsive therapy

Answer 17

• alpha receptor blockers in ureter cause relaxation help stone the pass

Question 18

patient requires urgent drainage if

Answer 18

• high grade obstructio
• solitary obstructed kidney
• bilateral obstruction
• persistent uncontrolled pain
• continued fever after 24 hr abx