Kidney Test Study Guide

Question 1

How do the kidneys control PH

Answer 1

They regulate the ph by filtering out hydrogen ions

Question 2

How many nephrons

Answer 2

over 1 million

Question 3

how any ureters

Answer 3

2

Question 4

location of kidneys

Answer 4

behind the stomach and above your waist

Question 5

anuria

Answer 5

no urine/without urine. your kidneys are not producing urine or that you are no peeing (enuresis)

Question 6

catheterization

Answer 6

the action or process of inserting a catheter into a body cavity

Question 7

cystectomy

Answer 7

a surgery to remove the urinary bladder

Question 8

cystitis

Answer 8

inflammation of the bladder, usually caused by a bladder infection

Question 9

diuresis

Answer 9

increased or excessive production of urine

Question 10

diuretics

Answer 10

a drug that produces diuresis (increased urine production)

Question 11

dysuria enuresis

Answer 11

painful urination (dysuria) - discomfort or burning with urination, usually felt in the urethra or the area surrounding your genitals (perineum)

Question 12

Glomerulus

Answer 12

a cluster of nerve endings, spores, or small blood vessels, in particular a cluster of capillaries around the end of a kidney tubule, where waste products are filtered from the blood

Question 13

hemodialysis

Answer 13

kidney dialysis - a process of purifying the blood of a persons whose kidneys are not working normally

Question 14

hydroureter

Answer 14

abnormal enlargement of the ureter caused by a blockage that prevent urine from draining into the bladder

Question 15

hypospadias

Answer 15

a congenital condition in males in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis

Question 16

incontinence

Answer 16

lack of voluntary control over urination of defecation

Question 17

interstitial cystitis

Answer 17

a chronic condition causing bladder pressure, bladder pain, and sometimes pelvic pain

Question 18

lithotomy

Answer 18

surgical removal of a calculus (stone) from the bladder, kidney, or urinary tract

Question 19

micturition

Answer 19

the act of urinating

Question 20

nephrectasis

Answer 20

dilation or distention of the pelvis of the kidney

Question 21

nephrologists

Answer 21

medical doctors who specialize in the care of kidneys

Question 22

nephropathy

Answer 22

the deterioration of kidney function. the final stage of nephropathy is kidney failure, end stage renal disease, or ESRD

Question 23

Nephrosis

Answer 23

kidney diseases, especially when characterized by edema and the loss of protein from the plasma into the urine due to increased glomerular permeability

Question 24

Nocturia

Answer 24

a disease that causes you to wake up during the night to urinate frequently

Question 25

peritoneal dialysis

Answer 25

a type of dialysis which uses the peritoneum in a person's abdomen as the membrane through which fluid and dissolved substances are exchanged within the blood. It is a way to remove waste products from your blood when your kidneys can adequately

Question 26

pyelitis

Answer 26

inflammation of the renal pelvis

Question 27

uremia

Answer 27

a raised level in the blood of urea and other nitrogenous waste compounds that are normally eliminated by the kidneys

Question 28

urethritis

Answer 28

inflammation (swelling and irritation) of the urethra

Question 29

urethrorrhagia

Answer 29

irritation and bleeding of the urethra - seen most in adolescent boys

Question 30

what kidneys filter out

Answer 30

salts, water, glucose, amino acids, and waste products from your blood into the bowman's capsule

Question 31

how kidneys maintain homeostasis

Answer 31

the nephron filters our salts, water, glucose, amino acids, and waste products from your blood into the bowman's capsule. The liquid then grows through a tubule that reabsorbs irons, glucose, water, and amino acids into your bloodstream

Question 32

how much urine humans produce

Answer 32

2 liters a day

Question 33

how kidneys control level of sodium

Answer 33

kidneys help control the levels of sodium in your blood by removing and reabsorbing irons

Question 34

what is a bowman's capsule

Answer 34

a part of the nephron that forms a cup like sack surrounding the glomerulus. wastes are filtered from the blood in the glomerulus located in the bowman's capsule

Question 35

what are nitrogenous waste products

Answer 35

ammonia, urea, and uric acid

Question 36

Nursing assessment

Answer 36

- change in voiding habits - problem with elimination or changes in patterns of urination - frequency - nocturia - hesitancy of stream - urgency - incontinence - retention - dribbling - hematuria

Question 37

Nursing assessment - subjective

Answer 37

- urethral discharge - burning on voiding - pain: suprapubic or flank - pruritus, dry skin

Question 38

stress incontinence

Answer 38

leakage of urine from coughing, laughing jogging, dancing, etc

Question 39

urge incontinence

Answer 39

Occurs when a person is unable to suppress the sudden urge to urinate

Question 40

overflow incontinence

Answer 40

when the bladder becomes so full and distended that urine leaks out

Question 41

total incontinence

Answer 41

when no urine can be retained in the bladder, usually due to neurologic problem

Question 42

nocturnal enuresis

Answer 42

incontinence that occurs during sleep

Question 43

Infection disorder: cystitis

Answer 43

- inflammation of the urinary bladder - more common in females - common causes are coitus, prostatitis and diabetes mellitus S/S - dysuria, urgency, frequency, hematuria - pyuria - bladder spasms

Question 44

Infectious disorder: pyelonephritis

Answer 44

- a bacterial infection of the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys pathology - ascending infection from a lower GU tract infection - staph or strep infection in the blood S/S - nausea, chills, dysuria, CVA (costovertebral angle tenderness)

Question 45

Obstructive disorders: urinary Bladder Tumor

Answer 45

- the only early warning signs are: increased urinary frequency and painless, intermittent hematuria - main risk factor is cigarette smoking

Question 46

dialysis

Answer 46

- a mechanical means of removing nitrogenous waste from the blood by imitating the function of the nephrons - two types of dialysis: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis - strict aseptic care is mandatory for dialysis clients

Question 47

explain the urethral control and concepts related to incontinence

Answer 47

The internal urethral sphincter regulates involuntary control of urine flow from the bladder to the urethra, and the external urethral sphincter provides voluntary control of urine flow from the bladder to the urethra.

Question 48

Describe the normal characteristics of freshly voided urine in a healthy adult

Answer 48

clear (clear to light pale yellow) and transparent urine

Question 49

why do females tend to get more UTI's and how can you prevent them?

Answer 49

females get more UTI's because the distance from the urethra to the bladder is significantly less than that in males. Therefore, UTI's are more common in females. Additionally, in males, UTI's are less common because as they urinate, the acid from the urine breaks down bacteria, therefore, if any bacteria is present int he urethra, urine may have a chance of killing it before is reaches the bladder some ways to prevent UTI's include: urination after sex, drinking liquids in order to urinate, wipe from front to back and not back to front, avoid holding in your pee