Kidney & Urology Flashcards
1
Q
Testicular lumps
A
Varicocele - classical of a ‘bag of worms’ proximal to the testes.
Epididymal cyst will usually be a firm lump adjacent to the testicle.
Hydrocele is a collection of fluid and transilluminates.
Inguinal hernia is usually found superior and medial to the pubic tubercle + cough impulse.
Testicular tumour would present as a testicular lump.
2
Q
Indications for specialist referral for a case of CKD
A
- 5-year risk of needing renal replacement therapy of greater than 5% (measured using the 4-variable Kidney Failure Risk Equation)
- ACR of =>70 mg/mmol, unless known to be caused by diabetes and already appropriately treated
- ACR of >30 mg/mmol (ACR category A3), PLUS haematuria
- sustained decrease in eGFR of =>25% and a change in eGFR category within 12 months
- sustained decrease in eGFR of 15 ml/min/1.73 m2 or more per year
- hypertension that remains poorly controlled despite the use of at least 4 antihypertensive medicines at therapeutic doses
- known or suspected rare or genetic causes of CKD
- suspected renal artery stenosis.
