Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal System > Kidneys > Flashcards

Kidneys Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the kidney located?

A

Retroperitoneally in the abdominal cavity against the posterior abdominal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does the left kidney lie?

A

T12 to L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does the right kidney lie and why?

A

Slightly lower than left kidney due to position of liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What lies superiorly to the kidneys?

A

Adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 4 layers of connective tissue surrounding the kidneys?

A
  1. Renal capsule2. Perirenal fat3. Renal fascia4. Pararenal fat| From deep to superficial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the clinical significance of fascial coverings?

A

TNM classification for renal cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the parenchyma contain?

A

Cortex -> Renal Column -> Renal pyramidMedulla -> Renal pyramid -> Base + Renal papilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does 1 lobe of kidney contain?

A

1 pyramid and overlying cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the functional unit

A

Nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 2 components of the nephron?

A
  1. Renal corpuscle2. Renal tubule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the renal corpuscle contain?

A

Glomerulus, glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bowman’s space is continuous with the _ _ _ of renal tubule at the tubular pole

A

Bowman’s space is continuous with the lumen of renal tubule at the tubular pole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the layers of the Bowman’s capsule?

A

Parietal and Visceral layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the parietal layer of the Bowman’s capsule contain?

A
  • Basement membrane- Squamous epithelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the visceral layer of the Bowman’s capsule contain?

A

Podocytes- Basement membrane- Squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the 3-layer filtration membrane of the renal corpuscle?

A
  1. Filtration pores of capillary2. Basement membrane3. Filtration silt (final barrier to proteins)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Outline the filtration flow chart in the renal corpuscle

A

Plasma > Filtration pores of capillary > Basement membrane > Filtration silt > Capsular space > PCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the renal tubule contain?

A
  • PCT- Nephrone loop/Loop of Henle- DCT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the cells of PCT?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelial cells with brush border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the main function of PCT?

A

Reabsorption from renal tubule to peritubular capillaries- 65% filtered H2O- Na+, K+, Mg2+, Cl-, PO4 3– 100% glucose, amino acids, plasma protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Function of thin descending limb of Loop of Henle

A

Water reabsorbtion| Has squamous cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Function of thick descending limb of Loop of Henle

A

Secrete solutes into interstitium via active transport| Has squamous cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the cells of DCT?

A

Cuboidal epithelium, no brush border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the main function of DCT?

A

Secretion of substances from peritubular capillaries into renal tubule- K+, H+, HCO3– Toxins (urea, uric acid, drugs)

25
Q

What hormone works at DCT?

A

Aldosterone- Enhance Na+ reabsorption from DCT- Promotes H2O retention- Increase blood volume and pressure

26
Q

What hormone works at the collecting duct?

A

Antidiuretic hormone- Increase H2O retention by principal cells- Prevent dehydration

27
Q

What are the 3 functions of the collecting duct?

A
  1. Absorption of H2O and Na+2. Regulate acid-base balance3. Drain urine from renal papilla into minor calyx
28
Q

What are the 2 types of cuboidal cells in the collecting duct?

A
  1. Principal cells2. Intercalated cells
29
Q

Collecting ducts from multiple nephrones converge to form ____ ducts and then the renal ____

A

Collecting ducts from multiple nephrones converge to form papillary ducts and then the renal papilla

30
Q

Structures of hilum from anterior to posterior

A
  • Renal Vein- Renal Artery (first and second branches)- Ureter- Renal Artery (third branch)
31
Q

What are the other structures that passes through the hilum?

A
  • Lymphatic vessels- Sympathetic nerves
32
Q

Renal PyramidsRenal ____ extends into renal ____ , dividing it into triangular-shaped renal pyramids

A

Renal cortex extends into renal medulla, dividing it into triangular-shaped renal pyramids

33
Q

What is the apex of the renal pyramid called?

A

Renal papilla

34
Q

Describe the flow of urine

A

Renal pyramids -> Renal papilla -> Minor Calyx -> Major Calyx -> Renal pelvis -> Ureter

35
Q

Function of minor calyx

A

Collects urine from renal pyramids

36
Q

What does the renal arteries arise from?

A

Directly from abdominal aorta (L2), immediately distal to origin of superior mesenteric artery (L1)

37
Q

Right or left renal artery longer?

A

Right

38
Q

Where does the right renal artery cross?

A

Posterior to inferior vena cava

39
Q

Where does the renal vein leave?

A

Leaves the renal hilum anterior to renal arteries, just below origin of superior mesenteric artery (L1)

40
Q

Where does renal vein drain into?

A

Directly into inferior vena cava

41
Q

Right or left renal vein longer?

A

Left

42
Q

Where does left renal vein cross?

A

Anterior to abdominal aorta

43
Q

Left ____ vein and left ____ vein drains to left renal vein -> IVC

A

Left suprarenal vein and left gonadal vein drains to left renal vein -> IVC

44
Q

Right ____ vein and right ____ vein drains directly into ____

A

Right suprarenal vein and right gonadal vein drains directly into** IVC**

45
Q

What happens in varicocele?

A

Veins of the pampiniform plexus are elongated and dilated

46
Q

Which side does varicocele occur most commonly at?

A

Left side as left testicular vein joins left renal vein which has higher venous pressure

47
Q

What are the 2 divisions that the renal artery divides into at the renal hilum?

A
  1. Anterior - 75% of blood supply2. Posterior - 25% of blood supply
48
Q

What are the 5 segmental branches of the renal artery?

A
  1. Apical2. Anterior superior3. Anterior inferior (middle)4. Inferior5. Posterior segmental
49
Q

Are renal artery branches anatomical end arteries?

A

Yes

50
Q

Outline the renal portal system

A

Afferent arteriole > Glomerulus > Efferent Arteriole > Peritubular capillaries > Venule

51
Q

What is the triangle zone of JGA formed by?

A

DCT, afferent and efferent arteriole

52
Q

What are the 3 types of cells in JGA?

A
  1. Macula densa2. Juxtaglomerular cells3. Mesangial cells
53
Q

Where is the Macula Densa cells located?

A

Initial portion of DCT in between afferent and efferent arterioles

54
Q

Function of macula densa cells

A

Na+ sensor and induces JG cells to produce renin

55
Q

Function of juxtaglomerular cells

A

Dilate or constrict arterioles

56
Q

Function of mesangial cells

A

Regulate blood flow through glomerulus

57
Q

What does renal pain presents as?

A

Flank pain that radiates to the lower abdomen

58
Q

What does renal pain result from?

A
  • Stretching of kidney capsule- Spasm of smooth muscle in the renal pelvis
59
Q

How does the renal pain come about?

A

Afferent nerve fibers pass through renal plexus around renal artery and ascend to spinal cord through least splanchnic nerve in thorax (T12) and sympathetic trunk > Enter spinal cord at T12Pain is referred along distribution of subcostal nerve (T12) to the flank and anterior abdominal wall

Renal System (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions