Kidneys

Question 1

Urine formation
Excretion of waste products
Regulation of electrolytes
Regulation of acid-base balance
Control of water balance
Control of blood pressure
Renal clearance
Regulation of red blood cell production
Synthesis of vitamin D to active form
Secretion of prostaglandins
Regulates calcium and phosphorus balance

These are all function of what organ?

Answer 1

Kidneys

Question 2

The excretion of water will also lead to what?

Answer 2

The excretion of sodium

Question 3

What will happen to BP if too much urine is lost

Answer 3

The BP will decrease

Question 4

Urea, Creatinine, Phosphates, Sulfates, Uric Acid are all metabolic waste products of excretion.
True/False

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Regulation of electrolytes through osmolarity and osmolality, what are these two things?

Answer 5

Osmolarity is the ratio of solutes to water, # of solutes compared to the water

Osmolality is the concentration or dilution of the urine, how concentrated the urine is

Question 6

What is the primary function of aldosterone?

Answer 6

To reabsorb sodium, which causes potassium to be excreted

Question 7

What does a natriuretic peptide do?

Answer 7

It is a peptide that induces natriuresis, which is the excretion of sodium by the kidneys can lead to dehydration and low blood pressure. Salty urine

Question 8

What are the two types of natriuretic peptides and what does each do?

Answer 8

ANP is secreted by heart cells in the atria

BNP is secreted by heart cells in the ventricles
–It is only secreted in the heart if there is increased pressure in the ventricles; BNP levels are increased in patients with congestive heart failure

Question 9

What 3 things do ANP and BNP have in common?

Answer 9

• -Both their levels increase when the heart dilates
• -They both inhibit water and sodium absorption by kidney tubules
• -Inhibit secretion of renin and aldosterone

Question 10

How do diuretics work?

Answer 10

it increases urine output by reducing ECF volume

Question 11

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Answer 11

• -Increased water and sodium re-absorption and decreased urine output
• -Results in highly concentrated urine
• -Specific Gravity is increased when ADH levels are high