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Midterms > KIN 334 > Flashcards

KIN 334 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some things in terms of obesity that have changed since 2007

A
  • declaration of obesity as a chronic disease
  • impact of bias, stigma, and discrimination
  • advances in the science of obesity
  • advances in treatment
  • recognition of patient center care
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2
Q

What was the previous definition of obesity

A
  • defined by BMI, a measure of size not health
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3
Q

What is the newer definition of obesity

A

defined as prevalent, complex, progressive and relapsing chronic disease characterized by abnormal or excessive body fat that impairs their health

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4
Q

how should obesity be manages?

A

evidence- based chronic disease management principles, must validate patients’ lives experiences

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5
Q

What is weight bias?

A

Weight stigma refers to social stereotypes and misconceptions about obesity

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6
Q

What are the 5 A’s in approaching obesity management

A
  1. Ask
  2. assess
  3. advise
  4. agree
    5 assist
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7
Q

explain the ask stage when talking about obesity management

A

asking the patient permission to offer advice and help treat this disease in an unbiased manner

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8
Q

explain the assess stage when talking about obesity management

A

using appropriate measurements, identifying the root causes, complications, and barriers to obesity treatment

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9
Q

explain the advise stage when talking about obesity management

A

discussion of core treatment options and therapies that may be required, including psychological, pharmacological and surgical interventions

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10
Q

explain the agree stage when talking about obesity management

A

agreement with the person living with obesity regarding goals of therapy, focusing mainly on the value that the person derives from health-based interventions

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11
Q

explain the assist stage when talking about obesity management

A

engagement by health care providers with the individual with obesity in continued follow-up and reassessments, and encouragement of advocacy to improve care for this chronic disease

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12
Q

What does it mean to recognize obesity as a chronic disease

A

that obesity is a complex, heterogeneous chronic disease that requires individualized treatment and long-term support.

Don’t assume all patients living with obesity are prepared to initiate obesity management.

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13
Q

What are some suggestions for assessing people with obesity

A

that healthcare providers involved in screening, assessing and managing people living with obesity use the 5As of Obesity Management framework to initiate the discussion

Healthcare providers can measure height, weight and calculate Body Mass Index (BMI) in all adults

We suggest a comprehensive history to identify root causes of weight gain as well as complications of obesity and potential barriers to treatment be included in the assessment

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14
Q

What are some things that will be encompasses in discussion of treatment options

A

Medical nutrition therapy and physical activity are part of any chronic disease management strategy, including obesity management

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15
Q

What are some different types of treatment options that could be available to people with obesity?

A
  • psychological intervention
  • pharmacological therapy
  • bariatric surgery
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16
Q

What are some things to consider when agreeing and assisting people with obesity

A
  • agree on realistic expectations, sustainable behavioural goals , personalized action plan
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17
Q

what could some things that could show succes?

A

prevention
losing weight
maintaining weight loss

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18
Q

What is the percentage of clinically significant weight loss?

A

> = 5% of baseline body weight

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19
Q

in what way is exercise often described?

A

FITT principle
frequency
intensity
time
type

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20
Q

why would increasing energy expenditure work for weight loss?

A

Effect on energy balance is proportional to increase in EE
Increase fat and CHO oxidation would be expected to have favorable health consequences

21
Q

why wouldn’t increasing energy expenditure work for weight loss?

A

Achievable amounts of exercise lead to small increases in EE Adherence to changes in exercise/PA is poor
Increasing EE could be linked to compensatory increases in EI .

22
Q

Why would an increase in exercise intensity work for weight loss?

A

Same energy expenditure in less time
Greater improvements in
Greater fitness and other risk factors preservation of FFM Decreased appetite after High Intensity exercise
Variety/More enjoyable for some people

23
Q

Why wouldn’t an increase in exercise intensity work for weight loss?

A

Less enjoyable
Less accessible
Greater risks/safety concerns
Less self efficacy (belief in ability to perform such activities)

24
Q

why wouldn’t resistance training work for weight loss?

A

Effect on FFM is small
Effect on FFM during energy restriction is even smaller.
Therefore effect on RMR is likely not meaningful
Energy cost of resistance training is small (see compendium of physical activity.

25
Q

what can resistance training cause a change in?

A

body composition

26
Q

what is class 1 obesity

A

BMI of 30 to < 35

27
Q

What is class 2 obesity

A

BMI of 35 to < 40

28
Q

What is class 3 obesity

A

BMI of 40 or higher. Class 3 obesity is sometimes categorized as “severe” obesity.

29
Q

Why would exercise for class 2/3 obesity work

A

Can contribute to negative energy balance
Can improve health
Can improve quality of life
Improve response to bariatric surgery

30
Q

Why wouldn’t exercise for class 2/3 obesity work

A

Fitness too low to achieve meaningful energy expenditure
Too many comorbidities that could be worsened by exercise (e.g., joint pain…)
Time for exercise and fatigue from exercise could interfere with other activities

31
Q

what sort of things do you have to consider when working with class 2/3 obesity?

A

access to your facility
access to your equipment
adapated exercises
adapted places to sit

32
Q

Explain the decision to eat food complex

A

–psychological & environmental
–initiation/termination of meals, size, composition, frequency
–lifestyle habits, drive to seek tasty foods, enjoyment, social

33
Q

What are the 4 components to the physiology of energy intake?

A

1) Afferent peripheral hormonal signaling
*Appetite (orexigenic)
*Satiety (anorexigenic)
2) Central integration
3) Efferent signaling
4) Behaviouralchange

34
Q

What is the vagus nerve and what is it responsible for?

A

the main nerves of your parasympathetic nervous system, controls digestion, heart rate, immune system

Important source of indirect neuronal stimulation
● Composed of efferent/ afferent sensory fibers
● May be involved directly with CNS or indirectly with these peripheral peptides

35
Q

Difference between HIIT and SIT interval training

A

HIIT- intervals up to maximal
SIT- intervals above maximal

36
Q

What is important to note about exercise for an individual

A

different exercise can affect a person differently

37
Q

what can high intensity exercise do to your body

A

affect blood flow to your gut- affects appetite
gastrointestinal motility
fatty acid factors
blood glucose insulin

38
Q

What do high doses of bicarbonate do to blood lactate levels

A

High doses of sodium bicarbonate increase lactate levels and delay exhaustion in a cycling performance test

38
Q

What do high doses of bicarbonate do to blood lactate levels

A

High doses of sodium bicarbonate increase lactate levels and delay exhaustion in a cycling performance test

39
Q

What is the definition of a diet

A

the sum of food and drink that someone habitually consumes
- practice of attempting to achieve or maintain a certain weight through nutritional intake

40
Q

what are some factors that someone’s dietary choices could be based upon

A

including ethical and religious beliefs, clinical need, income (money)

41
Q

what is the definition of a vegetarian diet?

A

is one which excludes meat and animal by-products (e.g. gelatin and rennet)

42
Q

what are the different types of vegetarian diets

A
  • fruitarian diet
  • lactovegetarian diet
  • lacto-ovo vegetarian
  • vegan diet
43
Q

What is a fruitarian diet

A

only eat raw fruit

44
Q

what is a lactovegetarian diet?

A

can eat certain types of dairy but it excludes eggs and rennet foods

45
Q

what is a lacto-ove vegetarian diet?

A

includes eggs and dairy but no animal flesh

46
Q

what is a vegan diet?

A

contains only plants and foods made from plants. It excludes any food derived from animals (e.g. eggs, dairy, honey)

47
Q

what is a semi-vegetarian diet

A

a flexitarian diet where you mostly consume plant-based food but occasionally consume meat

48
Q

What is a pescetarian diet?

A

a diet that includes fish but no other meat

Midterms (5 decks)

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