kin of muscular system

Question 1

is the body a simple machine?

Answer 1

no

Question 2

muscles

Answer 2

force

Question 3

bone

Answer 3

lever

Question 4

joints

Answer 4

axes

Question 5

normal resting length

Answer 5

when muscle is not short or lengthened

Question 6

irritability

Answer 6

ability to respond to stimulus resulting in contraction

Question 7

contractibility

Answer 7

ability to generate force following stimulus

Question 8

extensibility

Answer 8

ability to stretch with force

Question 9

elasticity

Answer 9

muscle returns to normal resting length when force is removed

Question 10

z-lines

Answer 10

separate sarcomeres

Question 11

actin

Answer 11

pulls sarcomere making is shorter resulting in a contraction

Question 12

myosin

Answer 12

bind to actin

Question 13

mm fibers

Answer 13

individual muscle fibers of a small bundle

Question 14

fascicles

Answer 14

bundle of muscle fibers

Question 15

muscle anatomy small to big x 5

Answer 15

sarcomere
myofibrils
mm fibrils
fascicles
muscle

Question 16

Sliding filament theory

Answer 16

myosin head binds to actin
myosin head exert force & pull actin closer for a contract
this repeats

Question 17

type I muscle fiber

Answer 17

slow twitch
small in diameter
for endurance
response to neural stimulation is slow

Question 18

type II muscle fibers

Answer 18

fast twitch
large in diameter
for quick short bursts of activity
response to neural stimulation is fast

Question 19

motor units

Answer 19

a group of muscle fibers innervated by the same motor neuron

Question 20

T/F: not all motor units are activated during muscle contraction

Answer 20

true!

• high force = some motor units
• low force = few motor units

Question 21

tendon

Answer 21

muscle to bone

Question 22

ligament

Answer 22

bone to bone

Question 23

musculotendinous joint

Answer 23

muscle to tendon

Question 24

tenoperiosteal joint

Answer 24

tendon to bone

Question 25

origin

Answer 25

proximal mm attachment

Question 26

insertion

Answer 26

distal mm attachment

Question 27

concentric contraction in open chain

Answer 27

insertion moves to the origin - lifting glass to mouth

Question 28

concentric contraction in closed chain

Answer 28

origin moves to insertion - pull-ups

Question 29

parallel muscle fiber

Answer 29

longer & larger ROM potential

Question 30

oblique muscle fiber

Answer 30

shorter & greater strength potential d/t numerous fibers

Question 31

parallel muscle fibers x4

Answer 31

strap fusiform rhomboidal triangular

Question 32

strap

Answer 32

long thin fibers running entire length of mm - SCM, sartorius, & rectus abdominis

Question 33

fusiform

Answer 33

spindle-like fibers that mostly run length of the muscle - biceps, triceps

Question 34

rhomboidal

Answer 34

4-sided mm, flat w/ broad attachment @ edge - rhomboids, pronator quadratus

Question 35

triangular

Answer 35

flat with fan/triangular appearance - pec major

Question 36

oblique muscle fibers x3

Answer 36

unipennate bipennate multipennate

Question 37

unipennate

Answer 37

one side of a feather - tibialis posterior, semimembranosus

Question 38

bipennate

Answer 38

feather-like shape - rectus femoris, interossei of hands

Question 39

multipennate

Answer 39

3+ branches of oblique fibers separated by tendon - deltoids, subscapularis

Question 40

muscles are named after ... x7

Answer 40

location shape # of heads size of mm action attachment direction of fibers

Question 41

agonist

Answer 41

prime mover causes the motion

Question 42

antagonist

Answer 42

mm that does the opposite motion of the agonist - prevents joint movement -> STABILITY - common when learning a new task

Question 43

stabilizer

Answer 43

mm that supports agonist to work more efficiently - core mm - associated with joint

Question 44

neutralizer

Answer 44

prevents unwanted motion if mm can produce 2+ more actions - associated with muscles

Question 45

synergist

Answer 45

muscles work in conjunction w/ another mm enhancing movement - flexor carpi ulnaris + extensor carpi ulnaris = ular deviation!!!!

Question 46

active insufficiency

Answer 46

muscle is too short to contract effectively

Question 47

passive insufficiency

Answer 47

muscle too long to stretch

Question 48

the distance that a muscle is capable of shortening after it has been elongated to its maximum

Answer 48

functional excursion

Question 49

hypotonia

Answer 49

reduced muscle tone, floppiness & deceased strength

Question 50

hypertonia

Answer 50

increased muscle tone stiffness & reduced movement (spastic or rigid)