Kinds Of Memory Flashcards
What does learning result in?
Formation of memories
Non-associative & Pavlovian learning, memory formed leads to change in responsiveness - explain this neurally
Memory takes the form of changes in strength of synaptic connections between neurons in sensorimotor pathways that mediate stimulus-elicited behaviour
What does sensorimotor mean?
(Organisms are sensorimotor systems) : things come into contact with our sensory surfaces and then our motor actions respond
Pavlovian & non-associative memory is what kind of memory?
Non-declarative memory
What does Declarative memory include?
form of memory involving (conscious) recall of experiences and facts; recalled items can be communicated to another person (declared)
Another word for declarative memory
Explicit memory
How is declarative memory held? Can it be retrieved?
In a store (memory) and can be retrieved (recalled/remembered) and described in words
Example of declarative memory - how would it work?
You know that something is the case, demonstrate by declaring it. Thus, e.g., the capital of England is London
Define Non-Declarative memory
memory that can’t be remembered; information can’t be recalled into consciousness or expressed in words/declared to others.
Example of non-declarative memory - how would it work?
You know how to do something, demonstrated only by doing it as you can’ t really declare it; e.g., Simple conditioning (Little Albert e.g.,)
Another word for non-declarative memory
Implicit memory
Declarative memory retrieval involves conscious or unconscious remembering?
Conscious remembering
Can Non-declarative memory be retrieved?
No - nothing is retrieved from anywhere
How is Non-declarative memory shown? (2)
1) Non-declarative memory is demonstrated in characteristics of stimulus-elicited response after training, 2) Through use of the circuitry involved
Name the 2 types of memories
Declarative & Non-declarative
What type of learning is associated with Non-Declarative memory? (5)
1) Non-associative learning 2) Pavlovian associative learning
3) Motor skill learning
4) Other skill learning
5) Habit formation
Eye-blink conditioning test: Procedure
Participants watching a film with headphones, every once in a while a tone sounds and then a puff of air
is blown into your eye (in a delay procedure)
Eye-blink conditioning test: Results (Non-declarative memory?) (2)
1) All formed CRs, although CR acquisition is slow
2) Some people’s behaviours were changed without realising
Eye-blink conditioning test: Results (Declarative memory?)
Many learned relationship between tone sound before every puff
But not all
Eye-blink conditioning test: Results (CR and Declarative memory)
As all acquired CRs, but not all described relationship between tone & puff (declarative memory), clear that Declarative memory is not involved in CRs
Eye-blink conditioning test: What is the non-declarative memory
The non-declarative memory is the change in circuitry (CS–> CR Circuit)
Eye-blink conditioning test: What is the: CS, US, CR
1) CS: tone paired with
2) US: a puff of air to the eye 3) CR: to elicit an eyeblink
Eye-blink conditioning test: D VS ND memory of the CS-US relationship in simultaneous/backwards learning
Declarative memory of relationship: CS (tone paired with) US (a puff of air to the eye) acquired sometimes when people experience simultaneous & backwards conditioning procedures
but only after you ask for the relationship - so no CR acquired (No ND memory/not pavlovian learning), thus no ND memory.
E.g., skilled typist know exactly where keys are (ND memory) but can’t tell you better than a novice
Does formation of D memory = formation of ND memory?
No, 2 different memories formed by same training experience but are independent of each other
You don’t need to be able to tell someone how to do something in order to do it, & being able to tell someone how to do something doesn’t mean you can
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