Kinetic concepts of human development Flashcards
(22 cards)
Define biomechanics
Biomechanics refer to the science that studies living things from a mechanical perspective. It can help us understand why sports people use different things at certain times of their activity.
Explain the considerations when planning a biomechanical analysis
the considerations that need to be taken into account include: age, gender, anthropometry, and the developmental and skill level of the performer.
Define force
force refers to a push or a pull. can produce movement or change the motion of an object. All forces produce or alter movement. It causes objects to accelerate. Force = Mass x Acceleration.
Identify the different types of force
The different types of force include: friction, air and water resistance and gravitational force (weight).
Define friction
friction refers to when two surfaces come into contact with each other. Opposes the motion of an object. As applied force increases, so does the friction.
Define gravitational force
gravitiational force refers to the force of attraction between two objects or bodies.
Define mass
Mass refers to the measure of the amount of matter an object is made up of. Units of mass is kilograms.
Define weight
Weight refers to the force that is exerted on the body by gravity. Weight is directly proportional to the mass of an object. Weight = mass x gravity.
Define Inertia
Inertia refers to the tendency for a body to resist a change in it’s state of motion, whether that state is at rest or moving with a constant velocity. The amount of inertia an object has is directly related to it’s mass. Greater the mass of an object, the greater amount of inertia and greater force required to change state of motion.
Define momentum
Momentum refers to the measure of the amount of motion an object has and it’s resistance to changing its motion. Momentum is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by it’s velocity. Units are kg m/s. Plays a key role when objects collide, when each time objects collide, there is a change in the momentum of each object. The mass stays the same, so the change in momentum comes from the change in velocity.
Define conservation of momentum
The principle of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of the system before the collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision. Need to look at the objects involved in the collision before and after impact. Total momentum after collision is equal to momentum of the ball.
Define summation of momentum
summation of momentum refers to any movement skills that involve multiple joints that require summation of momentum. Referred to as the sequential and coordinated movement of each body segment to produce maximal velocity.
Define impulse
Impulse refers to the product of a force and the time period over which it is applied, which is equal to the change in momentum of an object. Impulse = force x time.
Define Newtons Second Law of Motion
Newton’s Second Law of Motion refers to the law of acceleration. Law states that ‘a force applied to an object will produce a change in motion in the direction of the applied force that is directly proportional to the size of the force’.
Define Newtons First Law of Motion
Newton’s First Law of Motion refers to the law of inertia. It states that ‘a body will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force’.
Define Newtons Third Law of Motion
Newton’s Third Law of Motion refers to the law of action-reaction. When two objects come into contact with one another, they exert forces that are equal in size but opposite in direction on each other. ‘For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction’.
Define Newtons First Law of Angular Motion
Newtons First Law of Angular Motion refers to the angular momentum of a body that remains the same unless acted on by an external torque.
Define Newtons Second Law of Angular Motion
Newtons Second Law of Angular Motion refers to a torque applied to an object will produce a change in angular motion in the direction of the applied torque that is directly proportional to the size of the torque and inversely proportional to the moment of inertia of the object.
Define Newtons Third Law of Angular Motion
Newton’s Third Law of Angular Motion states that ‘for every torque there is an equal and opposite torque.
Define moment of inertia
moment of inertia refers to the resistance of an object to changes in it’s angular motion. moment of inertia = mass x radius (2).
Define angular momentum
Angular momentum is referred to as the quality of angular motion in an object.
Explain the conservation of angular momentum
the conservation of angular momentum refers to when it is conserved during the action of flight. If the total angular momentum is conserved, and the mass of the body cannot be changed, there must be a trade off between angular velocity and the moment of inertia.
