Kinetic energy and Heat energy Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is kinetic energy?
Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion.
How does heat energy demonstrate kinetic energy?
Heat energy is the kinetic energy of particles in motion; as temperature increases, particles move faster, resulting in higher heat energy.
How is light energy an example of kinetic energy?
Light energy consists of photons, which are particles of light that travel in waves, showing kinetic energy through their movement.
How does sound energy illustrate kinetic energy?
Sound energy is produced by vibrating objects; the vibrations create waves that move through the air, demonstrating kinetic energy in motion.
How does electrical energy relate to kinetic energy?
Electrical energy involves the movement of electrons; when electric current flows, it transfers kinetic energy to power devices like motors and lights.
What is energy transformation?
Energy transformation is the process of changing energy from one form to another, such as from potential energy to kinetic energy.
How can energy transfer cause changes in a system?
Energy transfer can cause changes in a system by altering its temperature, motion, or state; for example, heating a pot of water transfers energy that increases the water’s temperature.
Can you give an example of energy transformation causing a change?
In a roller coaster, gravitational potential energy at the top transforms into kinetic energy as it descends, causing the car to accelerate and change speed.
How does energy transformation affect chemical reactions?
During a chemical reaction, chemical energy stored in bonds can be transformed into heat energy, causing temperature changes and possibly producing new substances.
Example: Combustion of Wood
Description:
When wood burns in a fireplace, a chemical reaction occurs between the wood and oxygen in the air. The chemical energy stored in the bonds of the wood is released as heat energy.
How can energy transformations cause physical changes in a system?
Melting ice involves the transformation of thermal energy into potential energy, changing ice from solid to liquid without altering its chemical composition.
How do particles move in a solid?
In a solid, particles are closely packed together and vibrate in fixed positions, maintaining a definite shape and volume.
How do particles move in a liquid?
In a liquid, particles are close together but can slide past one another, allowing liquids to take the shape of their container while maintaining a fixed volume.
How do particles move in a gas?
In a gas, particles are far apart and move freely and rapidly, filling the entire space of their container and having no fixed shape or volume.
What is the link between the motion of atoms in a substance and its temperature?
The motion of atoms in a substance increases with temperature; higher temperatures mean faster particle movement, while lower temperatures mean slower movement.
How is temperature defined?
Temperature is a relative measure of hotness or coldness, recorded in degrees Celsius (°C), reflecting the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance.
What happens to the temperature of a substance when its particles move faster?
When particles move faster, the temperature of the substance increases, indicating more thermal energy.
What happens when particles collide in solids?
In solids, when particles collide, they transfer energy through vibrations. This transfer can lead to the solid absorbing heat, causing an increase in temperature.
How do collisions in liquids transfer energy?
In liquids, particles collide more freely than in solids. When they collide, they transfer energy to nearby particles, causing them to move faster and increasing the liquid’s temperature.
What occurs during particle collisions in gases?
In gases, particles move rapidly and collide with each other and with the walls of their container. These collisions transfer energy, affecting the overall pressure and temperature of the gas.
How does energy transfer during collisions affect temperature?
The energy transferred during particle collisions contributes to the temperature of the substance; increased energy from collisions raises the temperature, while decreased energy lowers it.
Can you give an example of energy transfer in collisions?
In a heated liquid, faster-moving particles collide with slower ones, transferring energy and causing the slower particles to gain kinetic energy, resulting in an increase in temperature.
What is thermal conduction?
Thermal conduction is the process by which heat energy is transferred through a material without the movement of the material itself, mainly occurring in solids.
How does kinetic theory explain thermal conduction?
According to kinetic theory, when particles in a solid are heated, they vibrate faster and collide with neighboring particles, transferring energy and heat through the material.
Can you give an example of a good conductor?
Metals like copper and aluminum are good conductors of heat because their particles can transfer energy efficiently through collisions.
