Kinetic Molecular Theory

Question 1

Energy and movement of particles in solid, liquid and gas?

Answer 1

solid- Low energy and particles vibrate around a fixed point
liquid-enough energy to overcome the forces that are holding them together meaning particles are able to flow and freer to move away from each other
gas- particles have high energy and are constantly moving

Question 2

Spaces between particles in solid, liquid and gas?

Answer 2

solid- Very little spaces between particles and tightly packed together
liquid-small spaces between particles large enough for particles to slide over one another
gas-Large spaces because of high energy and attractive forces are weak ( move away from each other)

Question 3

Attractive forces between particles in solid, liquid and gas?

Answer 3

solid- Very strong force of attraction due to particles being close together, solids have a fixed volume
liquid- weaker forces than in solids, but fairly strong due to closeness of particles
gas- weak forces because of large distances between particles

Question 4

Effect of adding or removing energy in in solid, liquid and gas?

Answer 4

solid- more energy= energy of atoms increase to enough for particles to overcome the forces holding the together = become liquid
liquid-liquid is able to flow and atoms are atoms are freer to move due to more energy added= becomes gas
removed= becomes solid
gas- energy removed= less energy= particles closer together= prominent effect of attractive forces
= becomes liquid or solid

Question 5

greater temperature?

Answer 5

faster particles move

Question 6

Define brownian motion?

Answer 6

The random/jerky constant motion of particles suspended in a liquid/ gas medium

Question 7

Explain how the brownian motion works

Answer 7

particles of gas or liquid medium are moving all the time- they collide with particles and exert a force on them. collisions occur in all directions and therefore particles move randomly in all directions.

Question 8

Define diffusion?

Answer 8

Physical process whereby a substance moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 9

why does diffusion take place?

Answer 9

different substances mix as a result of random motions of their particles

Question 10

explain the two things rate of diffusion is based on?

Answer 10

Mass of particles- less dense substance (smaller lighter particles will diffuse faster- lower relative molecular mass = faster gas diffuses

Temperature- Gas heated- particles faster as kinetic energy increase- collide with more energy and bounce away- gas diffuse faster - higher temp= faster gas will diffuse

Question 11

difference between freezing and freezing point?

Answer 11

freezing is process where substance changes from liquid to solid
freezing point of a substance is the constant temperature at which substance changes from liquid to solid

Question 12

difference between melting and melting point?

Answer 12

melting is process where substance changes from solid to a liquid
melting point of a substance is constant temperature at which substance changes from solid to a liquid

Question 13

what is condensation?

Answer 13

process where a substance changes from a gas to a liquid

Question 14

difference between boiling and evaporation?

Answer 14

boiling is the process where a substance changes from a liquid to a gas (anywhere in liquid, at specific temperature and certain pressure and continuous heating source).
evaporation is the process where a substance changes from a liquid to a gas (surface of liquid, at any temperature or pressure).

Question 15

boiling point?

Answer 15

temperature at which the vapour pressure is equal to the atmospheric temperature

Question 16

sublimation?

Answer 16

process where a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas without going through liquid state.

Question 17

deposition?

Answer 17

process where a substance changes directly from a gas to a solid without going through liquid state.

Question 18

freezing point=?

Answer 18

melting point in pure substance

Question 19

what happens when energy is added to matter?

Answer 19

when energy is added to matter (heated) the particles will move faster and as kinetic energy of the particles increases, a higher temperature will be measured

Question 20

What is the temperature of gas a measure of?

Answer 20

average kinetic energy of its particles

Question 21

what happens when particles become more and less organised?

Answer 21

potential energy decreases when more organised

potential energy increases when less organised

Question 22

Define pressure?

Answer 22

amount force exerted per unit area

Question 23

explain pressure and gasses?

Answer 23

gas particles exert pressure on walls of containers when they bump into walls.
faster particles= larger force= larger pressure
more particles= more collisions= higher pressure

Question 24

how can distance of particles be demonstrated between solid, liquids and gasses?

Answer 24

Gasses can be compressed while liquids and solids cannot