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Kinetic Molecular Theory Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

What is the Kinetic Molecular Theory

A

An idea that is based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion

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2
Q

What does the Kinetic Molecular Theory Explain?

A

The properties of solids, liquids, and gases

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3
Q

Gas particles are ___ apart

A

Far

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4
Q

What are Elastic Collisions?

A

collisions between gas particles and the container walls

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5
Q

What is the movement of Gas particles

A

Continuous, Rapid, and Random

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6
Q

Does gas particles have Potential or Kinetic energy

A

Kinetic Energy

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7
Q

Yes or No - Are there any forces of attraction between gas particles?

A

No

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8
Q

What does the temperature depend on in a Gas

A

Amount of Kinetic Energy

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9
Q

What are the 2 types of Ideal Gases

A

Hypothetical and Nonpolar

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10
Q

What is an Ideal Gas?

A

A gas that fits all assumptions of the KMT

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11
Q

What characteristics of Gases make it Ideal?

A

Pressure is not very high and Temperature is not very low

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12
Q

True or False - Lighter gas particles have higher speeds than heavier gases.

A

True

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13
Q

What are the 6 characteristics of Gases

A

1) Expandable
2) Fluid
3) Low Density
4) Compressible
5) Diffusion
6) Effusion

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14
Q

Gases have a ____ shape and a ____ volume

A

indefinite; indefinite

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15
Q

What does it mean for gases to be fluid?

A

The gas particles are bale to glide past one another.

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16
Q

Do gases have a high or low density? Why?

A

Low; the particles are far apart from each other.

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17
Q

Why are gases compressible?

A

The particles can crowd close together.

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18
Q

What happens to the volume of a gas if it compresses?

A

the volume decreases

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19
Q

What does diffusion mean?

A

The particles are able to spread out and fill up a lot of space. (Think of a diffuser)

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20
Q

What is a Real Gas?

A

A gas that does NOT behave according to the KMT

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21
Q

What are some characteristics of a Real Gas?

A

very high pressure; low temperature; polar molecules

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22
Q

What can happen to a gas if you raise the pressure, bit lower the temperature?

A

the particles will move closer, the Kinetic Energy will decrease, and the particles will condense and now form a liquid.

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23
Q

What is a Liquid?

A

A substance that can flow and takes the shape of its’ container

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24
Q

A liquid has a ____ volume and _____ shape

A

definite; indefinite

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25
Does a liquid have a lower or higher density that a Gas? Why?
Higher density than gas due to the close arrangement of particles
26
Can you compress a liquid?
No (Think bellyflop)
27
Is a liquids ability to diffuse faster or slower than a gas?
Slower
28
How can you speed up the process of Diffusion in a liquid?
increase the temperature
29
What isu Tension?
a force that pulls the sides of the liquid together to create a “barrier”
30
The higher the force of attraction, the higher the ___ in a Liquid.
Surface Tension
31
What is Evaporation?
when particles from the top layer of a liquid becomes gas; this has NO BUBBLES
32
What is Boiling?
The change of a liquid to a gas through high heat and it DOES have BUBBLES
33
Solids have a ____ volume, ____ shape, and a ___ melting point
Definite; Definite; Definite
34
What are some characteristics of a Solid?
High density; incompressibility, low rate of Diffusion
35
What are the two types of Solids?
Crystalline and Amorphous
36
What consists of a Crystalline Solid?
Crystals; an orderly arrangement of atoms; geometric repeating patterns
37
What is a Amorphous Solid?
A solid of which the patterns are arranged randomly, and has a definite shape, but doesn’t have a geometric shape
38
What is a Super Cooled Liquid?
substances that retain certain liquid properties even at temperatures at which they appear to be solid
39
What is an example of a Super Cooled Liquid?
Real Glass
40
What are the 4 Binding Forces in a Crystal?
1) Ionic Crystals 2) Covalent Network Crystals 3) Metallic Crystals 4) Covalent Molecular Crystals
41
What are the characteristics of Ionic Crystals?
- Positive + negative ions - Hard and Brittle - High melting points - good Insulators
42
What are the characteristics of a Covalent Network Crystal?
- high melting point - nonconductors or semiconductors
43
What makes up a Metallic Crystal?
metal cations surrounded by valence electrons
44
What are the characteristics of a Covalent Molecular Crystal?
- Covalent bonds held together by IMF’s - soft - easily vaporized - good insulators
45
What is a phase?
A uniform state of matter.
46
What is an Equilibrium?
When 2 opposite changes occur at equal times
47
Substances change back and forth between states at ___ speeds.
Equal
48
What does Endothermic mean?
The particles take IN energy - the particles move faster
49
What does Exothermic mean?
The energy in the particles are EXiting - the particles move slower
50
What is freezing?
Liquid to a Solid; Exothermic
51
What is Melting?
Solid to Liquid; Endothermic
52
What is Condensation?
Gas to Liquid; Exothermic
53
What is Vaporization?
Liquid to Gas; Endothermic
54
What is Deposition?
Gas to Solid; Exothermic
55
What is Sublimation?
Solid to Gas; Endothermic (Think of sublimation starts with an “s” so it starts as a solid)
56
What is vapor?
A gas in contact with a liquid or solid phase (like Fog)
57
What is Volatile?
Liquids that evaporate readily, have weak IMF’s EX. Alcohol - it dries quickly
58
What is the “Latent Heat of Fusion”?
The Equilibrium between a Solid and Liquid
59
What is the “Latent Heat of Vaporization”?
The equilibrium between a liquid and gas
60
What is the Triple Point?
the point at which a solid, liquid, and gas all coexist
61
What is the Critical Point?
the highest point of pressure and temperature on the graph

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