Kinetic Particle Theory Y3

Question 1

What does the Kinetic Particle Theory state?

Answer 1

All matter consists of extremely tiny particles in constant random motion.

Question 2

What are the three types of particle motion?

Answer 2

• Translational
• Rotational
• Vibrational

Question 3

What is the volume of a solid?

Answer 3

Definite volume.

Question 4

What is the volume of a liquid?

Answer 4

Definite volume.

Question 5

What is the volume of a gas?

Answer 5

No definite volume; expands to fill space.

Question 6

What is the shape of a solid?

Answer 6

Definite shape.

Question 7

What is the shape of a liquid?

Answer 7

No definite shape; takes the shape of the container.

Question 8

What is the shape of a gas?

Answer 8

No definite shape; expands to fill container.

Question 9

What is the density of a solid?

Answer 9

High density.

Question 10

What is the density of a liquid?

Answer 10

High density.

Question 11

What is the density of a gas?

Answer 11

Low density.

Question 12

Can solids be compressed?

Answer 12

No, solids cannot be compressed.

Question 13

Can liquids be compressed?

Answer 13

No, liquids cannot be compressed.

Question 14

Can gases be compressed?

Answer 14

Yes, gases can be compressed.

Question 15

Describe the attractive forces between particles in a solid.

Answer 15

Very strong attractive forces.

Question 16

Describe the attractive forces between particles in a liquid.

Answer 16

Strong attractive forces.

Question 17

Describe the attractive forces between particles in a gas.

Answer 17

Weak or negligible attractive forces.

Question 18

Which state of matter has the lowest kinetic energy?

Answer 18

Solid.

Question 19

Which state of matter has the highest kinetic energy?

Answer 19

Gas.

Question 20

Describe the arrangement of particles in a solid.

Answer 20

Orderly and closely packed.

Question 21

Describe the arrangement of particles in a liquid.

Answer 21

Not orderly; closely packed but can move past each other.

Question 22

Describe the arrangement of particles in a gas.

Answer 22

Random and far apart.

Question 23

How do particles move in a solid?

Answer 23

Vibrate about fixed positions.

Question 24

How do particles move in a liquid?

Answer 24

Slide and roll over each other.

Question 25

How do particles move in a gas?

Answer 25

Move rapidly and randomly in all directions.

Question 26

Why can’t solids and liquids be compressed easily?

Answer 26

Their particles are closely packed together.

Question 27

Why can gases be compressed?

Answer 27

Their particles are far apart with lots of empty space.

Question 28

Why do solids maintain a fixed shape?

Answer 28

Strong attractive forces hold particles in fixed positions.

Question 29

How do liquids take the shape of their container?

Answer 29

Particles slide and roll over one another while remaining in contact.

Question 30

How do gases fill all available space?

Answer 30

Particles move rapidly and randomly in all directions.

Question 31

How much energy do particles in a solid have compared to liquids and gases?

Answer 31

Least amount of energy.

Question 32

How much energy do particles in a gas have compared to solids and liquids?

Answer 32

Greatest amount of energy.

Question 33

What happens to forces of attraction in a solid?

Answer 33

Particles have insufficient energy to overcome them.

Question 34

What happens to forces of attraction in a liquid?

Answer 34

Particles partially overcome them.

Question 35

What happens to forces of attraction in a gas?

Answer 35

Particles fully overcome them.

Question 36

What happens to particles when they gain heat energy?

Answer 36

Particles gain kinetic energy and vibrate more vigorously. With enough energy, they overcome the forces of attraction and change state.

Question 37

What happens to particles when they lose heat energy?

Answer 37

Particles lose kinetic energy, vibrate slower, and forces of attraction pull them together, causing a change of state.

Question 38

During a change of state, why doesn't the temperature increase even if heat is still added?

Answer 38

Heat energy is used to overcome the forces of attraction between particles, not to increase particle movement.

Question 39

What is the role of forces of attraction during cooling?

Answer 39

Particles are pulled together by forces of attraction, releasing heat energy and compensating for heat loss.

Question 40

Explain the difference between 'vigorous' and 'fast' in particle motion.

Answer 40

'Vigorous' refers to the intensity of vibration (larger movements), while 'fast' refers to speed (rate of movement).

Question 41

What is the change from gas to liquid called?

Answer 41

Condensation.

Question 42

What happens during condensation?

Answer 42

The state changes from gas to liquid.

Question 43

What is the difference between evaporation and boiling?

Answer 43

* Boiling occurs at a fixed temperature throughout the liquid. * Evaporation occurs only at the surface and at any temperature below the boiling point.

Question 44

What are two similarities between evaporation and boiling?

Answer 44

* Both involve a change from liquid to gas.

Question 45

Where does evaporation occur?

Answer 45

Only at the surface of the liquid.

Question 46

When does evaporation happen compared to boiling?

Answer 46

Evaporation happens slower and at lower temperatures than boiling.

Question 47

What happens to temperature during boiling?

Answer 47

The temperature remains constant during boiling.

Question 48

Why does evaporation cause cooling?

Answer 48

Particles with higher energy escape, leaving behind cooler particles.

Question 49

What is a volatile liquid?

Answer 49

A liquid with a boiling point below that of water.