Kinetics

Question 1

What is a force?

Answer 1

a push or a pull that can produce, arrest or modify movement

Question 2

what is the equation for force?

Answer 2

F=ma

Question 3

what is forced measured in?

Answer 3

Newtons

Question 4

what is force directionally proportional to?

Answer 4

acceleration of mass

Question 5

What structure of the human body produce the greatest force?

Answer 5

muscles

Question 6

What is a vector?

Answer 6

a vector has a magnitude and direction; represented by arrows

Question 7

what is an example of point force application?

Answer 7

center of pressure

Question 8

what is a musculoskeletal loads?

Answer 8

force that acts on the body

Question 9

What are ground reaction forces?

Answer 9

arise as our body makes contact with the ground

Question 10

What is dynamic valgus?

Answer 10

movement pattern known to be and at risk movement pattern for ACL injury

Question 11

What are externally derived loads?

Answer 11

Gravity
impact
friction
wind

Question 12

What cause internally derived body loads?

Answer 12

muscle activation
tissue deformation
joint reaction force

Question 13

What is a joint reaction force?

Answer 13

force that arises in response to another force

Question 14

How do healthy tissue respond to load?

Answer 14

deform but resist change in structure and shape

Question 15

what is load response dependent on?

Answer 15

tissue

Question 16

What is tissue stress?

Answer 16

force or load generated within the tissue that resists deformation, divided by its cross-sectional area

Question 17

Stress-Strain Diagram

Answer 17

x-axis: % of stress measured
Y: tissue stress measured in Newton millimeters squared

stress is the amount of force arising within the tissues to resist components or particles from being pulled apart

strain represents how much that tissue changes as its loaded; percent deformation

Question 18

What tissue strain?

Answer 18

amount a tissue deforms under force or load; usually expressed as a percent change in length (%) or distance (mm)

Question 19

What does the toe region represent?

Answer 19

Tissue is being loaded need to take up slack

Question 20

what does the slope of linear represent?

Answer 20

the stiffness of the tissue also known as Young’s modulus

Question 21

what is Hooke’s laws?

Answer 21

in the elastic limits of the tissue, the relationship between stress and strain is linear

Question 22

what is Young’s modulus?

Answer 22

linear relationship which represents the stiffness in tissue

Question 23

Is the slope higher or lower when the stiffness is high?

Answer 23

High

Question 24

Is the slope higher or lower when the stiffness is low?

Answer 24

Low

Question 25

What does the elastic region represent?

Answer 25

deformation energy when tissues returns to its original shape or length after loading; all stored energy is released

Question 26

What is the yield point?

Answer 26

transition between elastic and plastic; load results in a marginal increase in stress

Question 27

What causes plastic deformation?

Answer 27

micro-failure of tissue under continued load

Question 28

What happens during plastic deformation?

Answer 28

tissue is permanently deformed; energy cannot be recovered once load is released

Question 29

what is ultimate failure point?

Answer 29

tissue fails and is unable to hold additional load

Question 30

What tissues are viscoelastic?

Answer 30

Bone Muscle fibrocartilage capsule and ligament tendon articular cartilage

Question 31

What is viscosity?

Answer 31

fluid like component to behavior of tissue

Question 32

What is elasticity?

Answer 32

ability of material to return to its original shape after loading

Question 33

What is creep?

Answer 33

continued deformation of material over time as it is subjected to a constant load

Question 34

What factors impact Musculoskeletal loads?

Answer 34

Loading magnitude loading rate loading type

Question 35

what is loading magnitude?

Answer 35

how much a tissue is loaded

Question 36

what is loading rate?

Answer 36

the speed at which a tissue is loaded

Question 37

What is loading type?

Answer 37

the way in which tissue is loaded

Question 38

What are the types of musculoskeletal loads?

Answer 38

Unloaded Tension compression bending shear torsion combined loading

Question 39

what is tension loading?

Answer 39

two forces pull on an object in different directions ex: ankle sprain

Question 40

what is compression loading?

Answer 40

forces that push or pull the surface of objects together or brings the end of an object closer; arises via muscle contraction ex: humerus pulled against glenoid by deltoid muscle

Question 41

What is bending load?

Answer 41

deformation of tissue that occurs at right angles to its longitudinal axis ex: coxa vara results in an increased bending load on the neck of the femur

Question 42

During Bending load which side undergoes compression load?

Answer 42

Concave side

Question 43

During bending load which side undergoes tension load?

Answer 43

convex side

Question 44

What is shear load?

Answer 44

unaligned parallel force that move on part of a body in one direction and another part in the opposite direction ex: Cam type morphology in femoroacetabular impingement syndrome creates abnormal shear load between the femur and acetabulum