kingdom animalia Flashcards
blastopore
in the process of division, the cleavage continues and appears to form a cavity called blastopore
protostomes ,, deutrostomes
protostomes are the animals in which the blastospore is changed into mouth while deutrostomes are the animals in which the blastospore is changed into anus
diploblastic and triploblastic organization
diploblastic animals consist of two layers ,, ectoderm and endoderm while triploblastic animals consist of three layers ,, ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm
bilateral and radial symmetry
when the body can be divided into two equal halves, it is called bilateral symmetry. when the body can be divided into two halves by more than one angel, it is called radial symmetry
coelom ,, acoelomata ,, pseudocoelomata ,, coelomata
⊹ coelom is an internal body cavity of animals.
⊹ aceolomata are the type of animals who lack body cavity
⊹ pseudocoelomata are the type of animals who contain primitive body cavity but lack true body cavity and is considered as false cavity
⊹ coelomata are the type of animals which contain true coelom
phylum porifera
the animals of phylum porifera are called sponges
*´¨ multicellular, flat, cup-shaped, vase-shaped, bell or fan like. they’ve asymmetrical body, diploblastic
*´¨ they’re sessile and do not move but are attached to any solid object like stone or rock
*´¨ their body contains pores, called ostia. the largest pore is known as osculum, through which the water is discharged out
*´¨ their body skeleton is composed of proteins, calcium carbonate and silica
*´¨their inner body cavity is called spongocoel, they can be divided into many chambers::
ascon type : spongeocoel consists of single cavity
sycon type : spongeocoel divides into secondary chamber
leucon type : spongocoel divides into secondary // tertiary chambers
*´¨ they do not have head, mouth or alimentary canal. they use bacteria and organic matter as their food by filtration. they do not have nervous, respiratory and excretory system. sponges are hermaphrodite and perform asexual reproduction
phylum cnidaria
- ´¨ they’re simple aquatic animals, their digestive cavity is present, they’re diploblastic, their mouth is surrounded by finger like structures, called tentacles
- ´¨ many cnidarians live together to form a group or colony. this group formation is called polymorphism
- ´¨ they do not have proper respiratory, excretory and circulatory systems. they do not have brain and spinal cord. they do have asexual reproduction
polyp and medusa
the asexual animal is polyp type.by reproduction, it produces two types of male and female medusa individuals. the sexual male and female animals produce male and female gametes, by their fertilization zygote is formed.the zygote develops into a larva, called planula larva. this larva develops again into a new asexual polyp
phylum platyhelminthes
- ´¨ they have flattened body on both sides
- ´¨ they’re bilaterally symmetrical body
- ´¨ they maybe free living .. have soft body without skeleton ,, are triploblasts
- ´¨ coeleom is not found but have a single gastro-vascular cavity ,, movement takes place by cilia
- ´¨ blood vascular system is not present ,, nervous system consists of brain ganglia
- ´¨ they’re hermaphrodite and fertilization is internal
- ´¨ they’ve thick body covering, suckers, hooks and spines and reproductive system is much developed
phylum nematoda
- ´¨ nematodes are also round worms and have elongate and round bodies ,, they’re bilateral
- ´¨ the body is without segments, they’re triploblasts
- ´¨ the body cavity is a primitive cavity, called pseudo-cavity,, they’ve a complete digestive and circulatory system,, the nervous system is composed of brain and nerve cords
hookworm disease ,, ascaris disease
hookworm disease :: ancylostoma enters the body of man in the form of larva through the skin of man and finally enters the intestine. it lives there as a parasite and sucks blood
ascaris disease :: ascaris lives in the intestine of children, lives as parasite and uses the food of host body. it disturbs the growth of children
phylum annelida
- ´¨ they’re segmented (metameric segmentation) and elongate, triploblastic and bilaterically symmetrical
- ´¨ they possess a true coelom, have closed type of circulatory system
- ´¨ there is no respiratory organs, excretion is by convoluted tube like organs, called nephridia
- ´¨ the locomotion of the body is by small hair like structures, called setae
classes of annelida (polychaeta, oligochaeta, hirudinea)
polychaeta :: they swim freely in water or live borrowing in the sand near shore. they're carnivores,, their body is elongated and metamerically segmented,, the sexes are separate oligochaeta :: they feed upon small food particles and organic matters,, their body is metamerically segmented. the head is not prominent, eyes and tentacles are absent while mouth is present. locomotion takes place by setae. they're hermaphrodite hirudinea :: animals of this class are parasites,, they live on the outer surface of their host body, so they're called ectoparasites. their body is elongated and flattened. they possess suckers and reproduction is sexual
advantages of segmentation and coelom
segmentation :: flexibility so body can bend easily and increased flexibility also increases power of locomotion
coelom :: coelom helps in swimming and it acts as a hydrostatic skeleton. it collects waste products in many animals. it provides space for the maturation in eggs
importance of annelids
- ´¨ they increase the soil fertility
- ´¨ earthworms are used as food of fish during fishing
- ´¨ earthworms are used in research work
- ´¨ leeches are used to suck the infected blood
- ´¨ some annelids are the carrier of disease
