Kingdom Animalia Part 1

Question 0

Define collar cells/choanocytes

Answer 0

Specialized cells with flagellum that create a current to bring water and food into the body of a sponge for filter feeding

Question 1

Define sessile

Answer 1

This describes an organism that remains attached to a surface for it’s entire life - it does not move

Question 2

Define osculum

Answer 2

A large opening on a sponge through which filtered water is expelled

Question 3

Define hermaphroditic

Answer 3

An organism that has both the male and female reproductive organs

Question 4

define invertebrate

Answer 4

An animal that lacks a backbone

Question 5

Define nematocysts

Answer 5

Small harpoon-like structures that when triggered can inject a toxin/venom into prey or predators. Found in cnidarians for feeding or defense. These are stinging cells

Question 6

Define planula

Answer 6

The free-swimming, ciliated larva of a cnidarian - allows for movement to new areas

Question 7

Define spicule

Answer 7

Glass-like structures found in the sponge that give support and structure. They act like a primitive skeleton

Question 8

Define amoebocyte

Answer 8

A cell that can move around the body of the sponge to make the spicules and transport nutrients and wastes. Also, secretes chemicals to make the sponge taste bad.

Question 9

Define heterotrophic

Answer 9

An organism that must consume food

Question 10

Define acoelom

Answer 10

Animals that do not have a body cavity. The three tissue layers (endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm) are all packed together with no space

Question 11

Define coelom

Answer 11

Animals that do have a true body cavity. There is a space between the mesoderm and ectoderm

Question 12

Define peritoneum

Answer 12

A multi-layered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place

Question 13

Define Pseudocoelom

Answer 13

Animals that have a false body cavity. There is a fluid filled area between the mesoderm and ectoderm

Question 14

Define endoderm

Answer 14

An inner tissue layer

Question 15

Define mesoderm

Answer 15

A middle tissue layer

Question 16

Define ectoderm

Answer 16

An outer tissue layer

Question 17

Define mesoglea

Answer 17

A jelly-like layer found in cnidarians but it is NOT a true tissue layer

Question 18

Define cephalization

Answer 18

A concentration of nerve tissue at the anterior end of the animal - start of the brain

Question 19

Define symmetry

Answer 19

Refers to how the body plan of an animal is organized and arranged

Question 20

Define bilateral symmetry

Answer 20

A body plan in which a single, imaginary line can divide the body into two equal halves - the left side and the right side; characteristic of Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, mollusca, arthropoda, and Chordata

Question 21

Define radial symmetry

Answer 21

A body plan in which the body parts repeat around a central point or axis of the body; characteristic of cnidarians and echinoderms

Question 22

Define asymmetry

Answer 22

A body plan in which the animal lacks symmetry and has an irregular shape; characteristic of Porifera (sponges)

Question 23

Define gastrovascular cavity

Answer 23

An area in animals that acts as a separate area for digestion. Like a primitive stomach. Food is digested here.

Question 24

Define parasitic.

Answer 24

An organism that feeds off of another living organism

Question 25

Define tegument/cuticle

Answer 25

The outer tissue later of a tapeworm that prevents it from being digested by it's host

Question 26

Define segmented

Answer 26

Having a body that is separated into parts such as we see in Annelida

Question 27

Define scolex

Answer 27

The head of a tapeworm, which has hooks and suckers to adhere to the host tissues

Question 28

Define proglottid

Answer 28

The detachable sections of a tapeworm that has male and female reproductive organs; breaks off when it's eggs are fertilized and passed out of the hosts intestine. The tapeworm can fold over on itself and self fertilize by mating between two proglottids

Question 29

Define setae

Answer 29

Bristles on the ventral/underside of the tapeworm that are used for traction

Question 30

Define peristalsis

Answer 30

The rhythmic muscle contraction

Question 31

Define ganglion

Answer 31

A collection of nerve cells

Question 32

Define clitellum

Answer 32

Area of earthworm where mating occurs and it secretes a cocoon around the fertilized eggs

Question 33

Define gizzard

Answer 33

A grinding organ found in the earthworm

Question 34

Define crop

Answer 34

A storage area for food waiting to enter the gizzard of an earthworm

Question 35

Define nephridia

Answer 35

Excretory organs that act like kidneys removing the waste from blood

Question 36

Define esophagus

Answer 36

The passage between the pharynx and the crop in the earthworms - moves food along

Question 37

Define pharynx

Answer 37

Muscular part that pushes food to the esophagus of the earthworm and allows it to get some oxygen

Question 38

Define cyst

Answer 38

A dormant stage of a worm which has the baby worm encased in a thick protective coat awaiting to reach it's proper host. Can be found in the muscle tissue of an intermediate host

Question 39

Define dorsal

Answer 39

The back of an animal

Question 40

Define ventral

Answer 40

The belly of underside of the animal

Question 41

Define posterior

Answer 41

The tail end of the animal

Question 42

Define anterior

Answer 42

The head end of the animal

Question 43

Explain ecological roles of sponges

Answer 43

Food source, home/shelter for animals, symbiotic relationships with bacteria, recycle calcium from shells on ocean floor

Question 44

Explain budding (which is also asexual reproduction in sponges)

Answer 44

An outgrowth occurs on the parent that will form a new individual

Question 45

Explain fragmentation

Answer 45

Piece breaks off to form a new individual

Question 46

Define branching

Answer 46

Where individuals radiate out from the parent

Question 47

Define metamorphosis

Answer 47

A complete and dramatic change as the baby develops into an adult. So the baby looks very different from the adult form

Question 48

Explain the process of filter feeding in sponges

Answer 48

Food enters the sponge through the pores. The food particles get stuck to the collar cells/choanocytes where they are put into a food vacuole to be digested. Amoebocytes help digest the food too. Any food particles too big to be trapped will exit the sponge through the osculum

Question 49

What type of symmetry does phylum Cnidaria have?

Answer 49

Radial symmetry

Question 50

What are some examples of phylum cnidara?

Answer 50

Sea jellies, hydra, coral colonies, sea anemones

Question 51

What are some ecological roles of phylum cnidara besides food source and home/shelter?

Answer 51

Protect shorelines and anti cancer chemicals

Question 52

What type of body cavity does phylum cnidara have?

Answer 52

Acoelom

Question 53

How do cnidarians reproduce sexually?

Answer 53

Male and female medusa. Gametes fuse to form a planula

Question 54

How do cnidarians reproduce asexually?

Answer 54

Budding and regeneration

Question 55

What type of nervous system do cnidarians have?

Answer 55

Nerve net encircles body (first) coordinates nerves and muscles