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Chemistry > kisline in baze > Flashcards

kisline in baze Flashcards

plus ravnotezje, ionske reakcije, nomenklatura (60 cards)

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1
Q

kmeijsko ravnotezje

A

pomeni da reak se vedno poteka vendar v obe smeri z enako hitrostijo; posledicno se navidezno ustavi, kolicino r in p pa se ne spreminja vec

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2
Q

homogeno/ heterogeno ravnotezje

A

agregatna stanja vseh reaktantov in produktov enako; obratno

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3
Q

vplivi na ravnotezje

A

temp, tlak (pri plinih)

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4
Q

vpliv temp na ravnotezje

A

ce segrejemo bo bolj intenzivna endotermna reak. ravn pomakne v endotermno smer; vpliv na konstanto

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5
Q

vpliv tlaka na ravnotezje, kdaj vpliva

A

vpliva na reak s plini in kjer se volumen med reak spreminja; ce povecamo gre v smer manjsega volumna

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6
Q

nitrati

A

NO3 (1-) topni

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7
Q

kloridi

A

Cl(1-) topni razen AgCl

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8
Q

karbonati

A

CO3(2-) 1. skupina ja, 2. ne

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9
Q

hidrogeni karbonati

A

HCO3(1-) 2. sk ja, 1. ne

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10
Q

sulfati

A

SO4(2-) 1. sk, baker ja, 2, razen barij ne

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11
Q

fosfati

A

PO4(3-) ne

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12
Q

kdaj potece ionska reak

A

ko nastane slabo ionizirana snov npr h2o

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13
Q

s cim merimo trdoto vode

A

trdotne stopinje pri nam nemske: 10g kalcijevega oksida na 1l vode

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14
Q

kotlovec

A

CaCO3 x MgCO3

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15
Q

mehcanje vode

A

je pridobivanje mehke vode iz trgne; izlocimo tiste minerale ki povzrocajo nastanek vodnega kamna

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16
Q

nacini mehcanja vode

A

destilacija, kemijsko mehcanje, prekuhavanje, z ionskimi izmenjevalci

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17
Q

opis destiliranja

A

trdo vodo segrevamo, pare kondenziramo; ucinkovito saj ioni ne grejo zraven v hlape, slabost poraba veliko w

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18
Q

opis kemijskega mehcanja

A

v vodo damo snov ki nam nezazeljene ione obori, potem filtriramo

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19
Q

opis prekuhavanja

A

izloci se caco3, nastane oborina, odstranimo s filtriranjem

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20
Q

opis mehcanja z ionskimi izmenjevalci

A

kationski izmenjevalec: izmenjava nezazeljene katione (Ca, Mg,..) za zazeljene (H3O); anionski izmenjevalec: iz vode vzame hidrogenekarbonatne ione in spusti noter OH- ione. ko plasticne kroglice spraznemo jih moramo regenerirati(v 1. damo kislino v 2. bazo)

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21
Q

arhenisova definicija kislin , baz

A

kislina: v vodi H3O+, baza v vodi OH-

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22
Q

bronsted lowerjeva definicija kislin in baz

A

kisline so snovi ki oddajajo H+, baze H+ sprejemajo

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23
Q

kaj nastane pri vsaki reak s kislino in bazo

A

nova kislina in nova baza (konjugirane kisline in baze)

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24
Q

drotolitske reak oz drotoliza

A

so reak ko gre vodikov proton od kisline k bazi

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25
kdaj mocna kdaj sibka kislina/baza
mocna ko v celoti odda/sprejme vodikove protone, sibke ko delno
26
HCl
mocna kislina
27
NH4(1+)
mocna kislina
28
HClO4
mocna kislina
29
H2SO4
mocna kislina
30
HNO3
mocna kislina
31
HSO4(1-)
sibka kislina
32
HCN
sibka kislina
33
CH3COOH
sibka kislina
34
H3PO4
sibka kislina
35
HNO2
sibka kislina
36
HA
sibka kislina
37
H2A
sibka kislina
38
NaOH
mocna baza
39
KOH
mocna baza
40
NH3
sibka baza
41
HI
mocna kislina
42
HBr
mocna kislina
43
HF
sibka kislina
44
H2CO3
sibka kislina
45
H2S
sibka kislina
46
baze 1,2sk
mocne baze
47
LiOH
mocna baza
48
Ba(OH)2
mocna baza
49
enoprotonske kisline
ima samo 1 proton ki ga lahko odda
50
dvoprotonske kisline
ima dva protona ki ga lahko odda; 1. ion z lahkoto, 2. tezje
51
konstanta kisline/baze; kdaj vecja/manjsa
podatek ki nam pove ce je sibka ali mocna Kc= p/r; konstanta kisline velja samo za reak z vodo; vecja kot konstanta => manjsi imenovalec=> mocnejsa reak
52
kisla konc
konc H3O > 1x10'-7 M oz. konc OH- < 1x10'-7
53
bazicna konc
konc OH- >1x10'-7 oz. konc H3O< 1x10'-7
54
ph= poh= ph+ poh=
ph= -log H3O poh= -log OH 14
55
kdaj razpad kdaj reak z vodo
molekule (vse kisline, amonijak) reak z vodo, ioni razpad
56
nevtralizacija
reak med kislino in bazo, nastane sol in skoraj vedno voda; so ionske reak(nastane slabo ioniziran produkt= voda)
57
hidtroliza soli
reak ionov soli z vodo, razlog zakaj imamo kisle, bazicne in nevtralne soli
58
titracija
je kvantitativna volumetricna analizna metoda, kjer znanemu volumnu vzorca z neznano konc dodajamo nasprotno snov znane konc. dodajamo do ekvivalencne tocke in izmerimo volumen danega titranta
59
ekvivalencna tocka
enaka kolicini molov kisline in baze
60
paralelke
poskus ki ga veckrat izvedemo; vsaj 3x(ce so rezultati primerljivi)

Chemistry (3 decks)

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