Knee

Question 1

Ligaments of the knee

Answer 1

MCL
LCL
ACL
PCL
Transverse ligament
Coronary ligaments
Patellar ligament

Question 2

ROM and muscles causing

Answer 2

Flexion- 140 (Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus)

Extension- 5-15 (Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Intermedius)

Internal Rotation- 30 (Popliteus, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus)

External Rotation- 40 (Biceps Femoris)

Question 3

Tibiofemoral joint

Answer 3

Joint between tibia and femur
Articular surfaces aren’t congruent, which enables the bones to move different amounts, guided by the muscles and ligaments

Lateral femoral condyle projects more anteriorly than the medial femoral condyle
– helps prevent lateral dislocation of femur
– women due to smaller q angle it is important

Question 4

Meniscus role

Answer 4

Aid in lubrication and nutrition of joint

act as shock absorber

decrease cartilage wear

joint surfaces more congruent

reduce friction during movement

prevent joint capsule from entering joint and participate in the ‘locking’ mechanism

Question 5

Meniscus

Answer 5

Medial meniscus:
– C shaped
– thicker posteriorly than anteriorly
– more stiff than lateral meniscus meaning its more susceptible to injury

Lateral meniscus:
– O shaped
– Generally of equal thickness throughout
– Not as well attached to the tibia as the medial meniscus, so less likely to get injured
– coronary ligs longer on lateral side

extension–>flexion- menisci move posteriorly

Held in place by coronary ligaments

meniscus possesses minimal innervation, so produces little pain, when coronary ligaments damaged that produces most pain

low regeneration potential- due to it being mostly avascular, gives meniscus a low regeneration potential when injured

The semimembranosus tendon has a tendinous branch inserting into the posterior horn of the medial meniscus

Meniscus are held together via the transverse ligament

Question 6

Patellofemoral joint

Answer 6

Joint between the patella and the femur

modified plane joint

has 5 facets:
– superior, inferior, lateral, medial and odd (odd affected 1st most of time in chondromalacia patella)

Question 7

Superior tibiofibular joint

Answer 7

Synovial plane between tibia and head of fibula

Supported by anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments

Movement at joint occurs with ankle movement

Hypermobility in this joint can lead to knee pain on activity, because the fibula can bear up to 1/6 of the body weight