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SF1.17 Thigh and Knee Joint (MULHERON) > Knee > Flashcards

Knee Flashcards

1
Q

Articulation of the knee joint is between:

A
  1. femoral condyles and the tibial condyles
  2. patella and femur
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2
Q

Label:

A
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3
Q

Label:

A
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4
Q

Label:

A
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5
Q

Where do the minisci of the knee sit?

A

tibial condyles

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6
Q

Menisci divide the joint cavity into two compartments:

A
  • suprameniscal: between the femoral condyles and the menisci
  • inframeniscal: between the menisci and the tibial condyles
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7
Q

Extracapsular ligament support of the knee joint:

A

EX-OPALM

  1. Oblique Popliteal
  2. Patellar Ligament
  3. Arcuate Popliteal
  4. Lateral Collateral
  5. Medial Collateral
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8
Q

Patellar Ligament & Retinacula:

A
  • Anterior support of the knee joint.
  • patella retinaculum come off both sides of the patellar ligament to further reinforce
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9
Q

Lateral Collateral Ligament:

A
  • provides lateral support to knee joint
  • resists VARUS stress (when distal bones go medial)
  • Lateral Femoral Epicondyle to Apex of Fibula
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10
Q

Medial collateral ligament:

A
  • provides medial support to knee joint
  • resists VALGUS stress (when distal bones go lateral)
  • Medial Femoral Epicondyle to Tibia and Medial Meniscus
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11
Q

Which collateral ligament of the knee is attached to a miniscus?

A
  • medial collateral ligament
  • attached to medial miniscus

HIGH PROBABILITY OF MEDIAL MENISCUS TEAR WITH A MCL TEAR

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12
Q

Popliteal ligaments:

A
  • oblique and arcuate popliteal
    • arcuate arches of popliteus muscle on lateral side of knee joint
  • resist hyperextension of knee joint
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13
Q

What ligament resists varus stress of the knee?

A
  • lateral collateral ligament
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14
Q

What ligament resists valgus stress of the knee?

A
  • medial collateral ligament
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15
Q

What ligament resist hyperextension of the knee?

A
  • arcuate and oblique popliteal
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16
Q

Intraarticular ligaments of knee joint:

A

IN-PALM

  • Posterior Cruciate
  • Anterior Cruciate
  • Lateral Meniscus
  • Medial Meniscus
17
Q

Label:

A
  • medial miniscus is larger
18
Q

Why must interior meniscus tears be removed rather than sutured?

A
  • interior of mensicus is avascular - would not heal.
  • Outer third of meniscus is vascular and can be sutured in repair
19
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament origin and insertion:

A

APEX

  • begins in the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia and runs Posteriorly, inserting into the EXternal (lateral) condyle of the femur.
20
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament origin and insertion:

A

PAIN

  • begins in the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia and runs Anteriorly, inserting into the INternal (medial) condyle of the femur.
21
Q

Posterior collateral ligament (PCL) function:

A
  • Taut during Flexion
  • Resists Posterior Displacement of Tibia on the Femur
  • Resists anterior displacement of femur on tibia
22
Q

Anterior collateral ligament (ACL) function:

A
  • Taut during Extension
  • Resists Anterior Displacement of Tibia on the Femur
  • Resists posterior displacement of femur on tibia
23
Q

Label:

A
  • red = PCL
  • blue = ACL
24
Q

Steps in knee extension when the tibia is fixed and the femur moves:

A
  1. Quad contraction begins anterior rolling of femur on tibia in suprameniscal compartment. Checked by PCL.
  2. Simultaneous posterior translation (sliding) of femur on tibia in inframeniscal compartment to prevent femur from rolling off tibial surface. Checked by the ACL.
  3. Near full extension, medial rotation of femur on tibia and locking of knee in full extension.
25
Q

Anterior rolling in knee extension when the tibia is fixed and the femur moves occurs in what compartment?

A
  • suprameniscal compartment.
  • checked by PCL.
26
Q

Posterior rolling in knee extension when the tibia is fixed and the femur moves occurs in what compartment?

A
  • inframeniscal compartment.
  • checked by ACL.
27
Q

Why does medial rotation of femur on tibia occur in knee extension when the tibia is fixed?

A
  • lateral femoral condyle reaches limit of its articular surface and stops rolling while the longer articular surface of the medial femoral condyle continues to roll in the suprameniscal compartment.

MEDIAL FEMORAL CONDYLE HAS MORE SURFACE AREA AND CONTINUES ANTERIOR ROLLING

28
Q

What muscle unlocks the knee joint following extension?

A
  • popliteus muscle
    • only function of this muscle
29
Q

How does the popliteal muscle unlock the knee joint?

A
  • Pulls the lateral epicondyle of the femur backwards - laterally rotating the femur on the fixed tibia to unlock the knee joint.
30
Q

Unhappy triad:

A
  • Tears of:
    • Medial Collateral Ligament (due to valgus stress)
    • Medial Meniscus (due to valgus stress)
    • ACL (due to twisting/hyperextension)
31
Q

Applied valgus stress tests the:

A

MCL.

32
Q

Applied varus stress tests the:

A

LCL.

33
Q

Tests to test the ACL and PCL:

A
  • Lachan test and drawer test
    • pull forward to test ACL
    • push backward to test PCL

SF1.17 Thigh and Knee Joint (MULHERON) (2 decks)

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