Knee

Question 1

why is the knee subjected to very large moments?

Answer 1

connects the longest two levers in the body; has powerful musculature

Question 2

arthrokinematic motion of knee flexion? (closed chain)

Answer 2

posterior roll, anterior glide

w/ lateral rotation

Question 3

what are the functions of the menisci?

primary function of menisci?

Answer 3

shock absorption,
lubrication,
decreases joint stress
stabilization

increase the tibiofemoral contact area

Question 4

what is compressed during genu varum?

Answer 4

medial mensicus

Question 5

what is compressed during genu valgum?

Answer 5

lateral meniscus

Question 6

what does the medial meniscus attach to?

Answer 6

MCL, ACL, PCL, and semimebranosus

Question 7

what does the lateral meniscus attach to?

Answer 7

ACL, Meniscofemoral ligament, popliteus

Question 8

which direction does the meniscus move during flexion?

which direction does the meniscus move during extension?

Answer 8

posterior

anterior

Question 9

What is the normal femoro-tibial joitn alignment?

Answer 9

5-10 degrees of valgus

Question 10

what is the normal gait pattern during walking for knee flexion?

Answer 10

65-75 degrees of knee flexion

Question 11

what is the normal gait pattern during climbing stairs for knee flexion?

Answer 11

90-110 degrees of knee flexion

Question 12

what is the primary factor that affects knee rotation?

Answer 12

sagittal plane position

Question 13

what is the extensor retinaculum composed of?

Answer 13

medial patellofemoral ligament and lateral patellofemoral ligament; quadriceps muscle

Question 14

what is the posterior capsule composed of?

Answer 14

oblique popliteal ligament, posterior oblique, arcuate ligament

Question 15

what two ligaments attach to the popliteus?

Answer 15

oblique popliteal ligament and arcuate ligament

Question 16

when are the MCL and LCL taught?

Answer 16

in extension

Question 17

which ligament protects from anterior sheer force?

Answer 17

MCL

Question 18

what two structures protect from a varus stress?

Answer 18

popliteus, ITB

Question 19

what compartment does loading occur in for varus stress?

Answer 19

medial compartment

Question 20

what does the ACL protect from?

Answer 20

anterior glide of tibia, excessive extension

Question 21

when is the anteromedial bundle more taught?

Answer 21

flexion & tibial medial rotation

Question 22

when is the posterolateral bundle more taught?

Answer 22

extension

Question 23

which ligaments resist rotary forces?

Answer 23

all

Question 24

which ligaments resist anterior and posterior glide?

Answer 24

ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL

Question 25

static loading on the FTJ is affected by?

Answer 25

malalignment (varus or valgus); obesity

Question 26

what kind of moment does gait cause at the FTJ?

Answer 26

adduction

Question 27

what is the primary function of the patella?

Answer 27

to increase MA of quads

Question 28

how much pull is on the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus intermedius?

Answer 28

35 degree lateral pull

Question 29

how much pull does the vastus medialis have?

Answer 29

40 degree medial pull

Question 30

what is the quad resultant pull?

Answer 30

7-10 degrees laterally

Question 31

what are the primary motions of the patella during knee flexion?

Answer 31

inferior glide, medial and lateral translation until 30-45 degrees, lateral tilt, patellar flexion

Question 32

what is the closed pack position of the patella?

Answer 32

flexion

Question 33

when does the contact area of the patella increase as the knee flexes?

Answer 33

at 90 degrees

Question 34

what is the function of the popliteus?

Answer 34

unlocks the knee by medially rotating the tibia

Question 35

what does the hamstring muscle group resist?

Answer 35

varus and valgus forces, resists anterior glide

Question 36

what is the function of pes anserinus?

Answer 36

medial rotation, flexion, and resists valgus force and lateral rotation forces

Question 37

what is the function of the TFL?

Answer 37

extension, lateral rotation, and resists varus force

Question 38

when is length tension the greatest for the knee extensors?

Answer 38

higher force towards flexion if the hip is flexed

Question 39

During a closed kinematic chain exercise (squat), when is moment arm the greatest?

Answer 39

in knee flexion

Question 40

as knee flexion moment increases, this increases _______ force.

Answer 40

knee extension force

Question 41

when is there an increased PFJ loading?

Answer 41

during quad contraction and knee flexion

Question 42

glut med weakness causes what?

Answer 42

increase in femoral IR, femur tracks under patella

Question 43

if you have foot pronated, what happens to the tibia?

Answer 43

internally rotates

Question 44

what are the most effective treatments for patellofemoral problems?

Answer 44

hip external rotation strengthening, knee extensor strengthening, quads, glutes, hip flexors and extensors

Question 45

arthrokinematic motion of open chain knee extension.

Answer 45

anterior roll, anterior glide, lateral rotation

Question 46

arthrokinematic motion of closed chain knee extension.

Answer 46

anterior roll, posterior glide, medial rotation

Question 47

arthrokinematic motion of open chain knee flexion.

Answer 47

posterior roll, posterior glide

Question 48

when does the suprapatellar pouch slide downward?

Answer 48

during knee flexion

Question 49

what is genu recurvatum known as?

Answer 49

hyperextension

Question 50

what causes an increase in the Q angle?

Answer 50

lateral tibial torsion

Question 51

what occurs at the knee with an increase in Q angle?

Answer 51

anterior knee pain

Question 52

dynamic loading at the FTJ is affected by what?

Answer 52

3x body weight and gait causing an adduction moment at the FTJ resulting in compression in medial compartment

Question 53

which type of tracking is associated with PFJ pain?

Answer 53

lateral tracking

Question 54

what is the downside of having knee musculature?

Answer 54

increases the compressive loads

Question 55

in open chain, when is there maximal JRF?

Answer 55

midrange

Question 56

in closed chain, when is there maximal JRF?

Answer 56

90 degrees