knee

Question 1

what type of joint is the knee joint?

Answer 1

synovial

hinge joint

Question 2

menisci

Answer 2

fibrocartilagnous cup-shaped structures interposed between articular surfaces of femur and tibia
cushion joint and provide great surface area of articulation

Question 3

arrangement of medial and lateral menisci

Answer 3

medial meniscus attached to tibial collateral ligament
lateral meniscus separated from fibular collateral ligament by intervening tendon of the popliteus muscle
clinical significance: blow to lateral side of knee with foot implanted on ground may stretch and/or tear tibial collateral ligament - because attached to medial meniscus, meniscus may tear too

Question 4

anterior cruciate ligament

Answer 4

prevents anterior displacement of the tibia in relation to the femur

Question 5

posterior cruciate ligament

Answer 5

prevents posterior displacement of the tibia in relation to the femur

Question 6

popliteus muscle

Answer 6

required to unlock knee - rotates femur laterally

Question 7

popliteal fossa (boarders and contents)

Answer 7

borders:

medial: semimenbranosus and semitendinosus
lateral: biceps femoris
distally: two heads of gastrocnemius

contains:

• popliteal artery and veins
• tibial and common fibular nerves, fat and lymph nodes

Question 8

innervation of compartments of leg

Answer 8

posterior: tibial
anterior: deep fibular
lateral: superficial fibular

Question 9

muscles of anterior compartment of leg:

Answer 9

dorsiflex and invert foot and extend toes
all innervated by deep fibular nerve
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
tibialis anterior

Question 10

muscles of lateral compartment of leg:

Answer 10

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
innervated by superficial fibular nerve
evert the foot

Question 11

muscles of superficial posterior compartment of leg:

Answer 11

gastrocnemius
plantarflex foot and flex knee
soleus just plantarflexes foot
plantaris
innervated by tibial nerve

Question 12

muscles of the deep posterior compartment of leg:

Answer 12

flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior
popliteus
flexor hallucis longus
tibial nerve or its branches
plantarflex and invert foot, flex toes

Question 13

sciatic nerve in leg

Answer 13

splits into tibial and common fibular - pass through popliteal fossa
tibial nerve goes with posterior tibial artery inferiorly
common fibular nerve goes subcutaneously around neck of fibula - branches into superficial and deep fibular nerves

Question 14

sural nerve

Answer 14

sensory
gets nerve fibers from both tibial and common fibular nerves
passes posterior to lateral malleolus on its way to the lateral foot

Question 15

superficial fibular nerve

Answer 15

from common fibular nerve from sciatic
motor innervation to muscles of lateral compartment of leg (fibularis longus and brevis) - evert foot
cutaneous innervation to lateral side and most of dorsum of foot

Question 16

deep fibular nerve

Answer 16

from common fibular from sciatic
to anterior compartment muscles (dorsiflex and invert foot and extend toes)
goes to skin between big and 2nd toes

Question 17

popliteal artery

Answer 17

passes through adductor hiatus
ends in anterior and posterior tibial arteries
posterior tibial gives off fibular artery branch

Question 18

anterior tibial

Answer 18

from popliteal
passes through opening in interosseus membrane between tibia and fibula bones
supplies anterior compartment (and some blood to lateral compartment)
descends across anterior of ankle onto dorsum of foot = dorsalis pedis

Question 19

posterior tibial artery

Answer 19

from popliteal
give off fibular
continues distally posterior to interosseus membrane - posterior to medial malleolus
to sole of foot

Question 20

fibular artery

Answer 20

from posterior tibial from popliteal

descends along medial boarder of fibula - some branches perforate interossius membrane to supply lateral compartment

Question 21

great saphenous vein

Answer 21

from dorsal venous arch of foot
anterior to medial malleolus to medial aspect of leg and thigh
drains into femoral vein at saphenous opening
accompanied by saphenous nerve

Question 22

saphenous nerve

Answer 22

accompanies great saphenous vein
cutaneous sensory branch of femoral nerve
medial side fo leg and foot

Question 23

deep veins of leg

Answer 23

follow arteries and are similarly named

connected to superficial veins by perforating veins

Question 24

small saphenous vein

Answer 24

begins at lateral venous arch of foot
passes posterior to lateral malleolus
ascends in posterior leg alongside sural nerve
pierces fascia to drain into popliteal vein

Question 25

lymphatic drainage of leg

Answer 25

popliteal lymph nodes are first filters

Question 26

vessels etc. in anterior compartment of leg

Answer 26

anterior tibial artery deep fibular nerve all right on top of interossius membrane

Question 27

vessels etc. in lateral compartment of leg

Answer 27

sup fibular nerve on anterior boarder of fibularis longus

Question 28

vessels etc. in posterior compartment of leg

Answer 28

in skin, small saphenous vein in compartment near fibula, fibular artery in compartment medial to fibula, posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve medial to tibula in subcutaneous fat, great saphenous vein and saphenous nerve

Question 29

structures posterior to medial malleolus

Answer 29

``` tibialis posterior tendon flexor digitorum longus tendon posteror tibial artery posterior tibial vein tibial nerve flexor hallicis longus tendon ``` tom, dick, and very nervous harry

Question 30

anterior talofibular ligament

Answer 30

most often injured in an inversion sprain of teh ankle

Question 31

ligaments that support the longitudinal arch of the foot

Answer 31

``` plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament plantar aponeurosis ```

Question 32

support to arches of foot

Answer 32

from tendons of tibialis anterior and posterior muscles with fibularis longus tendon