Knee and leg anatomy Flashcards
What surface articulations are there in the knee joint
Condyles of femur to condyles of tibia
patella surface of femur to articular surface of patella
What condyle is bigger on the femur ?
why?
The medial condyle is bigger than the lateral
it has to take more weight
What feature of the femurs bone structure helps the patella stay in place?
A shallow depression in the anterior face of the femur where the patella sites called the trochlear groove - helps resist parallelular dislocation
What does the intercondylar eminence on the tibia do?
Provides attatchment for crucial ligaments
What shape bone is the patella?
what does it aid?
how many muscles attatch to it?
Seasmoidal
mechanical advantage to qudracepts tendon
the 4 quadriceps (recurs femoris, vastus madialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermdeialis)
What is the menesci ?
what is the function?
where are they attached to in the knee?
What connects the 2 meniscus?
which one is more prone to damage and why?
Fibrocartilagenous flexible crescent shaped structures
deepen the knee joint and increase the contact on bones and therefore the stability of the joint (lateral and medial menisci) - they also act as shock absorbers
Intercondylar region of tibia
Transverse ligament connects them anteriorly
medial menisci - it is attached to the medial collateral ligament = less flexible = more damage
What are the 3 types of ligaments in the knee joint ?
Intracapsular = cruciate ligaments (ACL and PCL)
oblique popliteal ligament = strength posteriorly
extracapsular = collateral ligaments (medial and lateral)
What does PAMs APpLes mean?
Posterior (PCL) passes Anteriorly and attatches Medially
Anterior passes Posteriorally and attatched Laterally
What is weaker out of ther anterior cruciate ligament and the posterior cruciate ligament?
what movement does the ACL stop
what more eat does the PCL stop
what is the PCL other role ?
Anterior cruciate is weaker :((( - has poor blood supply
ACL stops forward more my of tibia
PCL stops posterior movement of tibia
in weight bearing the PCL is the main stabiliser of a flexed knee
How is the joint capsule strengthened laterally and medially
By the inferior end of the vastus medials and lateralis
the oblique popliteal ligament and the semimembranosus
What are the 2 extracapsular ligaments?
where do they start and end?
what do they do?
Lateral and medial collateral ligaments - on lateral and medial edges of knee joint
medial = from medial femoral epicondyle to tibia and it resists valgus forces (lateral forces pushing knees inwards)
lateral = from lateral femoral epicondyle to lateral fibula head and resists varrus forces (pushing knee outwards) - it is reinforces by ITB
What are the 6 bursae?
- Suprapatellar
- Prepatellar
- Superficial infrapatellar
- Deep infrapatellar
- Semimembranosus
- Subsartorial
What muscles help flex the knee?
assiated by?
Biceps femoris, semimebranosus and semitendinosus
gracillus, sartorius, popliteus, gastrocnemius
What muscles extend the knee?
where do they insert?
what nerve ?
4 quadriceps femoris : recurs femoris, vastus lateralis, medialis and intermedialis
Tibial tuberocity
femoral nerve
What muscles help rotate the knee?
medially ?
laterally?
When knee is flexed, some rotation can occur:
- Medially (internally): Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus
- Laterally (externally): Biceps Femoris
Name all the coloured things
Lateral and medial condyle = red
lateral and medial epicondyle = green
intercondylar fossa = blue
Name all coloured things?
Lateral and medial epicondyle = green
lateral and medial condyle = red
anterior view
Name all the coloured things
View of tibia
lateral and medial tibial condyle = green
Intercondylar tubicles = blue
Name all coloured things
Anterior
green = tibial tuberosity
red = soleal line
Name all coloured things?
Blue = vastus lateralis
yellow = rectus femoris
red = vastus medialis
green = iliopsoas
pink = sartorius
orange = pecineus
Name all coloured things?
Purple = femur
blue = tibia
yellow = patella
red = quadriceps femoris tendon
Green = patella ligament
Name all coloured things?
Red = biceps femoris (long head)
pink = biceps femoris (short head)
blue = semitendinosis
yellow = semimembranosus
Name all coloured things?
Darker Purple = adductor Magnus - can see hiatus
yellow = adductor longus
green = adductor brevis
brighter purple = obturator externus
Name all coloured things?
Green = femoral nerve
red = femoral artery
blue = adductor longus
purple = adductor brevis
pink = gracillis
yellow = obturator nerve - anterior division
Name all coloured things?
Anterior view - patella removed
green = lateral and medial collateral ligaments
Blue = ACL (anterior cruciate ligament)
yelllow = PCL
red = lateral meniscus
purple = medial meniscus
Name all coloured things?
Green = medial collateral ligament
blue = medial meniscus
red = lateral meniscus
in the intercondylar space = PCL (most obvious) and ACL
posterior view
