Knee and leg development

Question 1

when do Tibia and Fibular begin to chondrify in gestation?

Answer 1

in week 6

Question 2

When does the ossification begin in the Tibia?

Answer 2

by week 8

Question 3

What is the newborn position at?

Question 4

What is the end ROM of knee joint flexion in newborn?

Answer 4

calf abutting the thigh

Question 5

explain popliteal angle measurement and interpret the result?

Answer 5

-Hip and knees are flexed at 90 degrees
Then knee is extended to points of resistance
anything less than straight indicates tight hamstring.
DF of foot increased the popliteal angle if the gastro is tight.
if the hip joint is extended and popliteal angles remain the same indicates capsular tightness
popliteal angle of more than 50 degrees indicates a significant hamstring shortening.

Question 6

Describe the frontal plane development from new born to 11 years old?

Answer 6

newborn 15-20 varum
6-12 15-20 varum peak genu varum
18-24 months –>neutral
3-4 yrs –> 8 valgum peak genu valgum
6-11 yrs 6 valgum, reducing valgum

Question 7

what is the main differentiation between physiologic and pathologic genu varum?

Answer 7

physiologic has normal growth plate whilst pathologic growth plate disrupted due to trauma, infection metabolic bone disease such as ricket disease.
pathologic is usually unilateral whilst physiologic is bilateral

Question 8

at what age genu valgum is concerning?

Answer 8

8 yrs

might be due to Hx of trauma, short stature, Hx of infection, metabolic bone disease.

Question 9

What is tibial torsion normative value?

Answer 9

14,20,203 and 20.9 in adults
4, 5-140-40 in children

Question 10

describe tibial torsion development from birth to older children?

Answer 10

at birth medial or parallel/neutral
1st year 5 externally rotated.
mid-childhood 1- externally rotated.
older children 14-20

Question 11

name one of the aetiology of Tibial torsion?

Answer 11

• sleep positioning- Hx taking

Question 12

Qwhat are the 3 ways of measuring Tibial torsion

Answer 12

Subjective measure, Quantitaive measure and true measure

Question 13

What is the common clinical method of Tibial torsion measurement?

Answer 13

TFA–> thigh foot angle

Question 14

what are the ROM of Tp rotation of KJ in infants and adults?

Answer 14

rotation at extended kneee joint in infants 20-30 ROM
Rotation at extended knee knee joints in adutls 0

ROtationat flexed kj for less than 3 years 1:1 or 1:2 (med:lat)
45-65 med rot
45-95 lat rot

Question 15

What is medial genicular bias

Answer 15

when there is more medial than lateral rotation
should be tested in Hj in both flexed and extend position to check for tight med hamstrings which decreases lateral rotation from extended to flexed hip position due medial hamstring tightness…