Knee, Ankle, Foot Flashcards
(30 cards)
What are the two pulses to know on the foot?
Dorsalis Pedis
Posterior Tibialis
When would you check pulses on the foot especially?
Diabetics (Diabetic Neuropathy)
What are the grades for edema?
2mm = grade 1 4mm = grade 2 6mm = grade 3 8mm = grade 4
What is the Valgus test for the knee?
Positive sign?
Contact on the medial aspect of the ankle and the lateral aspect of the knee and push the leg outwards
Positive would be increased laxity or pain on the medial aspect = medial collateral ligament torn
What is the Varus test for the knee?
Positive sign?
Contact on the lateral aspect of the ankle and medial aspect of the knee and put the leg closer to the body “making the R”
Positive would be increased pain or laxity on the lateral aspect = LCL torn
Anterior Drawer Test?
Flex the knee and the hip to 90 and sit on their foot
Contact with your fingers the proximal tib/fib
You grasp and pull towards you
positive would be that it comes right out and you see a severe change.
ACL would have been torn
What is the Posterior Drawer Test
Same as ACL but you’re pushing, so this is testing the posterior collateral ligament (PCL).
You’d feel it give
Lachman’s Test?
Reverse Lachman’s?
Take your Caudad Hand and contact the Proximal Tib/fib
Cephalad hand contact the distal femur
You pull up on the Tib fib and simultaneously push down on the distal femur
You’re testing the ACL on this one!
If you reverse the motion you’re testing PCL. Pushing down on Tib fib and pushing up on the distal femur
What’s important to know about the Lachman’s Test with the angle?
10-30 degrees. slight flexion
Remember that anterior drawer is 90 90
Apley Grind Compression Test?
Apley Grind Distraction Test?
Flex knee up to 90 (pt prone)
You hold onto the distal tibfib and push down on the knee
if pain = positive finding (possible meniscal injury, collateral ligament injury, or both)
Apley grind distraction = cephalad hand on distal femur, caudal on distal tib/fib. pull up on tib fib
if pain goes away = positive finding for medial meniscus tear
if pain there = collateral ligaments might be torn (MCL, LCL)
Patellar Laxity and Apprehension
Take thumbs on medial aspect of the patella and push laterally
If this is extremely laxxed or pain = something going on with patellar dislocation or severe instability
What is the patellar compression (grind) test?
Take your thenar eminence and contact top of patella and push down and move it back and forth medial and lateral
pain would be positive finding for possible inflammation, chondromalacia, injury to patellofemoral articular surfaces
What’s the patella-femoral grinding test?
Same idea as the patellar compression grind test but instead you push the patella down towards their foot and they tighten the quads
if you feel a popping feeling or pain its a positive test for chondromalacia or roughness of articulating surfaces
What is the Patellar Glide Test?
caudal at proximal tib fib, cephalad hand at distal femur
pt flexes and extends the knee
you’re feeling for the glide
if there’s pain or crepitus that’s for possible damage to articular surfaces
Anterior Drawer Test of the Ankle?
Cephalad hand on the distal tib/fib (first MCP on the talus)
caudad on the posterior calcaneus
pull forward.. increased laxity and pain is the ATFL torn
Talar Tilt Test?
Same hand placement as the anterior drawer test but you’r inverting it
laxity or pain = ATF or calcaneofibular ligament
Eversion Test
Same hand placement as the anterior drawer test but you evert the foot
increased laxity or pain = deltoid ligament
Squeeze Test
Take hands and one on either side of the distal tib fib, put fingers together and compress for 2-3 seconds.
syndesmosis if pain (high ankle sprain)
Cross Leg Test
Cross your leg and the person says ankle hurts = syndesmosis = high ankle sprain
Thompson Test
Grab the calves and squeeze. see plantar flexion.
if not it’s an achilles tendon rupture
Homan’s Sign
Patient Laying or seated. dorsiflex the foot. can also apply lateral compression to calf
+ test is pain with dorsiflexion
indicates thrombophlebitis or acute deep vein thrombosis
Moses Sign
Anterior compression on he gastrocnemius when the knee is slightly flexed or extended.
+ test is pain with anterior compression
Indicates DVT
What are you going to do for the Knee exam? (not specialty test)
Introduce yourself
inspect knee
palpate patella, tibial tuberosity, popliteal fossa
Assessed for ROM (flexion, extension, internal / external rotation
Strength Testing (flexion/extension)
Patella / Achilles reflexes
Sensation (dermatome)
What are you going to do for the ankle/foot exam (not specialty test)
Introduce
Inspect ankle, foot, dorsal and plantar aspects
palpate medial and lateral malleolus, deltoid ligament, MTP, PIP, DIP Tarsal bones
Palpate dorsalis pedis artery and posterior tibial artery
ROM of ankle (plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, eversion
ROM of toes (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction
Strength testing of plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, eversion, inversion
patella and achilles reflexes
sensation dermatome
