Knee Injuries Flashcards

(47 cards)

1
Q

Origin and insertion of ACL

A

Origin: lateral condyle of the femur
Insertion: intercondyloid eminence of the tibia

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2
Q

Origin and insertion of PCL

A

Origin: posterior intercondylar area of the tibia
Insertion: medial condyle of the femur

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3
Q

Origin and insertion of MCL

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of the femur
Insertion: medial condyle of tibia

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4
Q

Origin and insertion of LCL

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the femur
Insertion: head of fibula

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5
Q

Origin and insertion of LCL

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the femur
Insertion: head of fibula

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6
Q

Function of MCL

A

Stabilises the knee from valgus force

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7
Q

Function of LCL

A

Stabilises the knee from varus force

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8
Q

Function of ACL

A

Stabilises the knee from anterior translation (opposes anterior draw test)

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9
Q

Function of PCL

A

Stabilises the knee from posterior translation

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10
Q

What surface anatomy corresponds to the MCL and LCL?

A

medial joint line and lateral join line

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11
Q

Function of MCL

A

Stabilises the knee from valgus force (opposes valgus stress test)

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12
Q

Function of LCL

A

Stabilises the knee from varus force (opposes varus stress test)

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13
Q

Function of ACL

A

Stabilises the knee from anterior translation (opposes anterior drawer test)

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14
Q

Function of PCL

A

Stabilises the knee from posterior translation (opposes posterior drawer test)

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15
Q

What surface anatomy corresponds to the MCL and LCL?

A

medial joint line and lateral join line

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16
Q

Hx of injury of MCL tear?

A

(valgus force) lateral blow/momentum to the knee while in fixed position

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17
Q

Sx of MCL tear?

A

Swelling, point tenderness over medial joint line

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18
Q

Px of MCL tear?

A

Positive valgus stress test

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19
Q

Dx of MCL tear?

A

a. Clinical - positive valgus stress test

b. MRI - most accurate test in Dx

20
Q

Rx of MCL tear?

A

Isolated injury can be treated with immobilization via hinged cast.
Multiple or severe injuries are treated with surgical repair

21
Q

Rx of MCL tear?

A

Isolated injury can be treated with immobilization via hinged cast.
Multiple or severe injuries are treated with surgical repair

22
Q

Hx of LCL tear?

A

Medial blow (Varus position) or momentum to the knee while in fixed position

23
Q

Sx of LCL tear?

A

Swelling, point tenderness over the lateral joint line

24
Q

Px of LCL tear?

A

Positive varus stress test

25
Dx of LCL tear?
Clinical. Positive varus stress test. The most accurate test is in diagnosis is MRI
26
Rx of MCL tear?
Isolate injury can be treated with immobilisation via hinged cast. Multiple or severe injuries are treated with surgical repair
27
Hx of ACL tear?
Non-contact injury = sudden stopping or pivoting (so there is anterior momentum of the leg) Contact injury = blow to posterior knee (so the leg moves forward)
28
Sx of of ACL tear?
Swelling and pain of the knee
29
Px of ACL tear?
Positive anterior drawer test
30
Dx of ACL tear?
Anterior and posterior drawer test are not as sensitive therefore most accurate Dx is via MRI
31
Rx of ACL tear?
Non-athletes may be treated with immobilisation. Athletes should be treated with surgical repair. The treatment depends on the degree of activity of pt
32
Hx of PCL tear?
Direct blow to anterior knee | therefore pushes the lower leg backwards
33
Sx of PCL tear?
Swelling and pain of the knee
34
Px of PCL tear?
Positive posterior draw test
35
Dx of PCL tear?
MRI
36
Rx of PCL tear?
Same as ACL - non athletes is immobilisation, athletes is surgical
37
Hx of meniscal tear?
Injury (often seen in sports) involving a sudden motion (any direction) associated with a POP or a CLICK experienced by a patient
38
Sx of meniscal tear?
Pt able to walk after pain Protracted pain of knee (pain will continue and will not get better with immobilisation) Some swelling Clicking and popping when walking
39
Px of meniscal tear?
Positive McMurray test
40
Dx of meniscal tear?
MRI
41
Rx of meniscal tear?
Arthroscopic repair of the meniscus
42
Hx of knee dislocation?
High energy trauma (at least three of the major ligaments completely torn, therefore the leg is free floating from the rest of the thigh at the knee) - not common e. g. MVA
43
Sx of knee dislocation?
Pain, swelling: often a gross deformity will be present or reported by ED
44
Px of knee dislocation?
Gross deformity may be present, there may be neurovascular compromise distal from the injury. The popliteal at high risk! Assess pulses and ankle-brachial-index (systolic P at the ankles and dividing a systolic P at the arms)
45
Dx of knee dislocation?
Clinical, XR should be performed after Rx
46
Rx of knee dislocation?
Reduction; vascular consult for possible revascularisation
47
If there is absent pulses of ABI
if absent pulses or ABI