Knee joint

Question 1

What are the articulations of the knee joint?

Answer 1

Patella and femur (trochlea surface)

Tibia and femur (condyles)

Question 2

What kind of synovial joint is the articulation between the patella and the femur?

Answer 2

Saddle joint

Question 3

What kind of synovial joint is the articulation between the femur and tibia?

Answer 3

Condylar joint

Question 4

What factors contribute to knee joint stability?

Answer 4

1. ligaments
2. muscles and tendons
3. iliotibial tract

Question 5

Which part of the knee is the joint capsule most abundant?

Answer 5

The posterior aspect

Question 6

On the femur, where does the joint capsule attach?

Answer 6

Posteriorly; intercondylar line
Laterally; encloses origin of popliteus/lateral epicondyle of femur
Anteriorly; deficient

Question 7

What structure forms the ligamentum patellae

Answer 7

it’s an extension of quadriceps femoris tendon

Question 8

Where does the ligamentum patellae attach?

Answer 8

Apex of patella and tibial tuberosity

Question 9

State the tibial and femoral attachments of the medial collateral ligament.

Answer 9

Tibial; posteromedial to tibial tuberosity + membrane of semimembranosus
Femoral; medial epicondyle

Question 10

True or false: The lateral collateral ligament is much thicker than the medial collateral ligament.

Answer 10

False. Medial collateral ligament is thicker.

Question 11

Which collateral ligament is most likely to get damaged?

Answer 11

Medial collateral ligament.

Question 12

Which cruciate ligament is more prone to injuries?

Answer 12

Anterior cruciate ligament

Question 13

What does the anterior cruciate ligament do?

Answer 13

Prevent posterior dislocation of femur on tibia

Prevent anterior dislocation of tibia on femur

Question 14

What are the functions of menisci?

Answer 14

1. Shock absorbers; protect articular cartilage
2. Lubrication of joint cavity
3. Increase concativities of tibial femoral condylar joints

Question 15

Which meniscus is more prone to injury?

Answer 15

the medial meniscus

Question 16

State the most common cause of injury to the menisci.

Answer 16

Twisting strain of partially flexed knee.

Question 17

What is valgus stress?

Answer 17

produced by a blow to the lateral side of the knee, often resulting in tearing of the tibial/medial collateral ligament

Question 18

What is varus stress?

Answer 18

caused by a blow to the medial side of knee, often resulting in tearing of the lateral collateral ligament

Question 19

Why is the medial meniscus often torn when the medial collateral ligament is torn?

Answer 19

Because the medial meniscus is firmly attached to the medial collateral ligament.

Question 20

What nerve may be injured during a varus stress?

Answer 20

The fibular nerve

Question 21

Describe knee valgus including symptoms, causes, and treatment.

Answer 21

Symptoms; knocking knees, knees angle away from midline of body
Causes; osteoarthritis of knee, damage to medial collateral ligament, damage to anterior cruciate ligament, damage to menisci
Treatment; exercises to strengthen thigh and hip muscles, osteotomy surgery

Question 22

Which meniscus is more O shaped?

Answer 22

The lateral meniscus

Question 23

Approximately how many bursae are around the knee joint?

Answer 23

About 12

Question 24

Name the bursae of the knee joint.

Answer 24

Suprapatellar 
Prepatellar
Infrapatellar
Deep infrapatellar (*SPID)
Brodie's bursa
Bursa anserine

Question 25

What is Housemaid's knee?

Answer 25

Inflammation of prepatellar bursa

Question 26

State how prepatellar bursitis is treated.

Answer 26

Resting the knee. Using antibiotics if inflammation caused by bacteria. Elevating knee Cold compression Compression using bandange Aspiration by inserting needle into bursa Surgery to remove the bursa in extreme cases (bursectomy)

Question 27

What is arthroscopy?

Answer 27

a minimally invasive surgery procedure in which optic fiber placed in joint through an incision to visualize the structures and another incision is made so that special tools can be used to correct the problem

Question 28

What is Clergyman's knee?

Answer 28

Inflammation of infrapatellar bursa

Question 29

What are the causes of Baker's cyst?

Answer 29

Osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, which inflames the knee joint Injury to the knee joint

Question 30

Differentiate between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Answer 30

Unlike rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis doesn't affect other organs. Rheumatoid caused by immune system attacking joint linings Osteoarthritis caused by aging (wear and tear), injury, or obesity; just limited to joints

Question 31

What is the main blood supply to the knee joint?

Answer 31

Popliteal artery

Question 32

Which arteries are involved in anastomosis around the knee joint?

Answer 32

Popliteal artery genicular branches Descending geniculate artery of femoral artery Recurrent branch of posterior artery 2 recurrent branches (anterior and posterior) of anterior tibial artery

Question 33

Describe the innervation of the knee joint.

Answer 33

Obturator nerve posterior division Genicular branch of tibial nerve Genicular branch of common peroneal nerve Femoral nerve infrapatellar branch

Question 34

What happens during locking of the knee joint?

Answer 34

- knee is in full extention - femur medially rotates and all ligaments become taut - knee becomes rigid

Question 35

What are the 3 landmarks located when performing a knee arthroscopy?

Answer 35

1. Tibial tuberosity 2. Lateral epicondyle of femur 3. Apex of patella

Question 36

What structures of the knee joint are supplied by the middle genicular artery?

Answer 36

cruciate ligaments

Question 37

What is the function of the oblique popliteal ligament?

Answer 37

1. Stabilize posterior aspect of knee joint | 2. Prevent excessive lateral rotation of tibia

Question 38

Genu varum is another name for

Answer 38

bowleg

Question 39

In genu varum, the tibia in relation to the femur is a) abducted b) adducted

Answer 39

b) adducted

Question 40

What is the normal LATERAL angle of the knee?

Answer 40

170 - 175 degrees

Question 41

How does the lateral angle change in genu valgum?

Answer 41

it is less than 170 degrees

Question 42

What is a normal Q angle?

Answer 42

In women = 17 degrees | In men = 14 degrees