Knee Joint

Question 1

What tendon passes over the knee joint

Answer 1

Quadricep tendon

Question 2

What does the quadricep tendon become

Answer 2

The patellar ligament

Question 3

How many articulations occur at the knee joint

Answer 3

3

Question 4

Name the different articulations at the knee joint

Answer 4

1. Femoropatellar

2. Femorotibial (x2)

Question 5

What part of the femur articulates with the tibia

Answer 5

The 2 rounded condyles

Question 6

What is the space called between the two condyles of the femur

Answer 6

The intercondylar notch

Question 7

Where does the patella articulate with the femur

Answer 7

The patellar surface

Question 8

What structure covers the inner surface of the fat pads either side of the patellar ligament

Answer 8

The medial and lateral alar folds

Question 9

What is the function of the bursae within the knee joints

Answer 9

They allow structures close to bone to move freely without causing any friction

Question 10

What are the bursae in communication with at the knee joint

Answer 10

The synovial cavity

Question 11

Name the bursae of the knee joint

Answer 11

1. Suprapatellar
2. Gastrocnemius
3. Semimembranosus
4. Popliteus
5. Subcutaneous prepatellar
6. Subcutaneous infrapatellar
7. Deep infrapatellar
8. Anserine

Question 12

What are the 2 different types of ligaments within the knee joint

Answer 12

1. Extracapsular

2. Intracapsular

Question 13

Name the extracapsular ligaments

Answer 13

1. Oblique popliteal
2. Arcuate popliteal
3. Medial collateral
4. Lateral collateral

Question 14

Name the intracapsular ligaments

Answer 14

1. Anterior cruciate

2. Posterior cruciate

Question 15

What is the oblique popliteal ligament and expansion of

Answer 15

Semimembranosus tendon

Question 16

What is the function of the oblique popliteal ligament

Answer 16

Reinforces the posterior capsule

Question 17

What is the arcuate ligament a thickening of

Answer 17

The capsule over the popliteus muscle

Question 18

What is the function of the arcuate ligament

Answer 18

Strengthens the posterolateral joint capsule

Question 19

Where does the medial collateral ligament extend from and to

Answer 19

The medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial condyle and superior medial surface of the tibia

Question 20

Where does the lateral collateral ligament extend from and to

Answer 20

The lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral edge of the fibula head

Question 21

What is the function of the collateral ligaments

Answer 21

They prevent side to side displacement of the knee joint

Question 22

What happens to the cruciate ligaments during medial rotation of the tibia

Answer 22

They wind around each other; limited to 10 degrees

Question 23

What does the posterior cruciate ligament prevent

Answer 23

The femur from sliding anteriorly on the tibia, particularly when the knee is flexed

Question 24

What does the anterior cruciate ligament prevent

Answer 24

The femur from sliding posteriorly on the tibia, preventing hyperextension

Question 25

Where does the anterior cruciate ligament extend from and to

Answer 25

The anterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the medial side of the lateral condyle of the femur

Question 26

Name the two ACL bands and what they limit

Answer 26

1. Anteromedial band; limits flexion | 2. Posterolateral band; limits extension

Question 27

Where does the posterior cruciate ligament extend from and to

Answer 27

Posterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the lateral side of the medial condyle of the femur

Question 28

Name the two PCL bands and what they limit

Answer 28

1. Anterolateral band; limits flexion | 2. Posteromedial band; limits extension

Question 29

Why is the PCL important when the knee is flexed

Answer 29

It holds all of the body weight; transfers weight from the femur to the tibia

Question 30

What are menisci and what do they do

Answer 30

They are wedges of fibrocartilage and they acts as shock absorbers

Question 31

What is the medial meniscus attached to

Answer 31

It is firmly attached to the tibial collateral ligament

Question 32

Is the lateral meniscus freely moveable

Answer 32

Yes

Question 33

Describe the origins of the main blood supply to the knee

Answer 33

1. 5 genicular branches from the popliteal artery 2. Descending genicular artery from the femoral artery 3. Descending branch from the lateral circumflex femoral artery 4. Recurrent branches from anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Question 34

Name the anastomosis that forms around the knee joint

Answer 34

Periarticular genicular anastomosis