Know your Parasites Fam

Question 1

Plasmodium

Answer 1

Blood and tissue protozoa

*transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes

4 species P. Falicparum, P. vixvax, P. ovale and P. malariae

Question 2

Leishmania

Answer 2

Blood and tissue protozoa

• transmitted by sandflies
• leads to visceral, cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Question 3

Trypanosoma

Answer 3

Blood and tissue protozoa

• In Africa- Sleeping sickness( via Tsetse fly)
• In South America- Chaga’s disease( via Reduviid bug)

Question 4

Toxoplasma gondii

Answer 4

Blood and tissue protozoa

• transmitted by the ingestion of oocyst from cat faeces.
• leads to serve manifestations, neonatal toxoplasmosis

Question 5

Naegleria fowlerio

Answer 5

Free living Amoeba

• found in freshwater, lakes and streams,
• causes fatal brain infection Primary acute meningoencephalitis

Question 6

Acanthamoeba

Answer 6

Free living Amoeba

• found in environmental water sources, transmitted in contact lens
• Infection of the eye causing keratitis resulting in pain

Question 7

Ascaris Lumbricoides

Answer 7

common roundworn

• infects 25% of human pop.
• enhance morbidity for other infections
• Larvae( Asthma or pneumonia)
• Adult( Diarrhea, GI symptoms)

Question 8

Ascaris

Answer 8

Roundworm, Intestinal nematode

• Found in condition of poor hygiene, transmitted by fecal -oral route
• Lives in small intestine
• causes eosinophilia

Question 9

Enterobius

Answer 9

Pinworm, Intestinal nematode

• prevalent in cold temps
• found mainly in children

Question 10

Trichuris

Answer 10

Whipworm, Intestinal nematode

• soil transmitted
• warm, humid condition
• causes diarrhoea, rectal prolapse and anaemia

Question 11

Ancylostoma and Necator

Answer 11

Hookworm, Intestinal nematode

• major cause of anaemia in the tropics

Question 12

Strongyloides

Answer 12

Intestinal nematode

• inhabits the small bowel
• more serve in immunosuppressed people

Question 13

Toxocara

Answer 13

Tissue nematodes

• worldwide infection of cat and dogs
• Common in children can cause visceral larva migrans

Question 14

Trichinella

Answer 14

Tissue nematodes

• Consumption of poorly cooked meat
• Encysted larvae in striated muscle, symptoms depend on location

Question 15

Onchocerca Volvulus

Answer 15

Filarial nematode

• transmitted by Simulium( black fly)
• causes visual impairment and blindness, itching

Question 16

Wuchereria bancroft

Answer 16

Filarial nematode

*major cause of lymphatic filariasis

Question 17

Bruia malayi

Answer 17

Filarial nematode

• causes lymphatic filariasis

Question 18

Fasciolopsis buski

Answer 18

Intestinal fluke, tremadoes

• common in human in pigs in Southeast Asia
• large and lives in upper intestine
• chronic infection lead to inflammation and ulceration and haemorrhage of the small intestine

Question 19

Paragonimus westermani

Answer 19

Lung fluke,tremadoes

• Far east and Southeast Asia
• ingestion of raw or pickled crastacean

Question 20

Fasciola hepatica

Answer 20

Liver Fluke,tremadoes

• parasite of sheep and humans
• ingest metacercariae on watercrest
• lives in intrahepatic bile ducts of liver, Fascioliasis causes serve anemia in humans

Question 21

Clonorchis sinensis

Answer 21

Chinese liver fluke, tremadoes

• Wide Spread in Southeast Asia
• Ingestion of raw or pickled fish

Question 22

S. japonicum and S. manosoni

Answer 22

Blood Fluke, Schistosoma

• can penetrate though skin
• localize to mesenteric veins
• eggs in stool

Question 23

S. haematobium

Answer 23

Blood Fluke, Schistosoma

• can penetrate though skin
• Veins around bladder
• eggs in urine

Question 24

Taenia saginata

Answer 24

Beef tape worm, Cestodes

• ingest of uncooked beef
• minimal symptoms

Question 25

Taenia solium

Answer 25

Pork tapeworm, Cestodes *ingestion of uncooked pork that contain cysticerci

Question 26

Echinococcus granulosus

Answer 26

Dog tapeworm, Cestodes * Hydatid disease in larval stages * Develops and causes space occupying lesions in liver or brain

Question 27

Echinococcus multilocularis

Answer 27

Dog tapeworm, Cestodes * Hydatid disease in larval stages * Develops and causes space occupying lesions in liver or brain

Question 28

Entamoeba histolytica

Answer 28

Protozoa, via fecal oral * uses pseudopodia for locomation * invades colon causing bloody stool, liver abscess * reproduces asexaully

Question 29

Giardia lamblia

Answer 29

Protozoa, via fecal oral * Flagellated * World wide distribution * Lives in small intestine resulting in malabsorption * Reproduces asexually

Question 30

Balantidium Coli

Answer 30

Protozoa, via fecal oral * Large ciliated parasite * lives in colon of humans, pigs, rodents * causes colonic ulceration * reproduces asexaully

Question 31

Cryptosporidium parvum

Answer 31

Protozoa, via fecal oral * NON-motile * Present in immunocompromised patients * reproduces SEXUALLY

Question 32

Cyclospora cayetanensis

Answer 32

Protozoa, via fecal oral * NON-motile * small intestinal mucosa * causes diarrhea * reproduces SEXUALLY

Question 33

Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 33

Protozoa, via fecal oral * Flagellated * sexually transmitted * reproduces asexually